Africa Knowledge Hub for Children

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex13 Mar 2020

AN OVERVIEW ON CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA

Child labour is a concrete manifestation of violations of a range of rights of Children or Working children. They are denied of their right to survival, development, education, leisure, play, adequate standard of living, opportunity for developing personality, talents, mental and physical abilities and protection from abuse and neglect. Notwithstanding the increase in the Enrolment of children in elementary schools and increase in literacy rates since 1980‘s, child labour continues to be a significant phenomenon in India.

Rajmohan R. Pillai, R. Sivakumar

SurvivalDevelopmentProtectionParticipationIN

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex25 Apr 2024

Child labour and schooling in Tanzania

In this paper, I examine child labour and schooling in Tanzania. I use Tanzania Labour Force Survey data containing detailed information on children aged 5–17. I find that girls are more likely to do household chores and spend more hours on household chores than boys. On the other hand, boys are more likely to do activities for pay, profit or home use and spend more hours on economic activities than girls. I also find a positive and statistically significant relationship between the number of children below 5 years (preschoolers) and the time children aged 5–17 years spend on household chores, suggesting that the latter may be spending more time caring for the former. Furthermore, I find a negative and statistically significant relationship between asset ownership and child labour. Concerning child labour and the educational performance of the children, I find that children who were engaged in household duties or economic activities, children who did any activities for pay, profit or home use and those who spent more hours on household chores are more likely to perceive that they get poor grades at school because of work. Regarding potential pathways, time spent by the children on economic activities, household chores and working in any activities for pay, profit or home use are found to affect the children's regular school attendance or studies.

Francisco M.P. Mugizi

DevelopmentProtectionTZRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex31 Mar 2018

CHILD LABOUR : A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY

Child laboir is universal phenomenon. While there is no accurate accounting of how many of the world‟s children contribute to their families or their own economic support, the number of working children is surely in the hundreds of millions globally.With the advent of modern industrial system there came a tendency among the employers to earn easy and quick profits at less expenses. That is why, the employment of children in factories at low rate of remuneration became the frequent practice. They had to work for excessive hours under unhealthy, terrible and hazardous conditions. Child labour is both an economic and social problem. The term child labour brings before the eyes, picture of exploitation of little, weak, tender and underdeveloped bodies, illiteracy, physical abuse in the term of beatings by employers and accident often fatal at work sites. The problem with child labour is that it can hardly be legislated away as its roots lie in abject poverty . Where social and economic condition have improved children go to school and child labour for virtually disappeared. So any society which wants its children to be free to learn and play, first free entire population from fear of wants. This means ensuring basic human needs of all people .

Dr. Manoj Kumar

ProtectionDevelopmentRead at source

OtherOpenAlex11 Jun 2019

Child Labour: A Curse on Humanity

Child labour especially persuasive problem throughout the world.It's a social problem of greater magnitude than other related problems.The burden of work may become too great while its educational and social role can become a threat to their health and development.it is a complex problem whose roots are deeply embedded in cultural, social, economic, structure and tradition .todaychild has been defined differently by different agencies.1 It is exploitation of a children as they receive low wages and work for long hours under condition that are likely to damage their health As well as physical and mental development.In ancient period slaves of tender age were on for doing low work.And in medieval it was quit rampant and rulers encouraged it with an intention to make only traffic in child slaves.This paper identify to introduction of child labour before independence, after independence, introduction, definition, cases, effects includes.

Meenu Bala, Dr. Geetika Sood

ProtectionDevelopmentINRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex11 Feb 2019

Governance apathy and Social Hazards: A Case Study of Child Labour in Handloom Industry: INTRODUCTION , The possibility in this study, Defining Child Labour, Reasons for sustaining child labour, Sketching Child Labour in World Map, Indian Scenario, Who are the Child Labourers?, Indian Legislation for children from exploitation in Child labour, The Policy Framework for Child Labour, Concluding words

India is currently witnessing large number of child labour, unfortunately nothing concrete has been done except legal conventions. It continues to be one of the major social issues confronting India with more than 100 million children engaged in various activities. On the part of governance of governments has been moreover filled with apathy. The policy lapses surmounting social hazards consequently large number of our future generation would be lost without making any contributions to the state’s development rather they will be lost nowhere. Due to various research and documentation on the scale and intensity of the problem and particularly commendable work of NGOs, research institutions and academia to an extent, the issue has been on and off in the public domain and kept alive in the minds of the civilized society. The deep rooted structure of Indian society has perpetuated the continuity of child labour and huge of them into hazardous industry. The capitalist system of production provided best avenues to the labour but suited to the industry aimed at surplus and more surpluses. The Nobel Prize given to person worked towards the elimination of child labour is a witness the cruel reality to the rich and unequal society. The hazards to the innocent life of children are one of the fundamental crimes against humanity but in reality it exists in all forms. This paper derives the research base of in the handloom industry in India and how the government’s apathy has deepened the magnitude of the child labour. The present study is primarily based on a study conducted on the larger issue of child labour in handloom sector in the state of Uttar Pradesh. My understanding does count the major role of certain factors for the continuous existence of this cruel reality. The seriousness of the responsible factor remains to be poverty for its high incidence, prevalence and perpetuation of child labour. So the same reason remains with handloom industry in India. It tries to bring the myriad form of problems associated for the existence of child labour and how the children at a very tender age gets deprived from the basic human rights. This also raises the fundamental questions of preventing the soft population entering into the unending tyranny of exploitation and deprivation and continues to live in the process of exclusion.

Dr Md Afroz, K M Ziyauddin

ProtectionDevelopmentINRead at source

OtherOpenAlex1 Feb 2019

Prohibition of Child Labour in India: Addressing the global issue of child labour with a focus on India

Child work alludes to the work of children in any work that denies children of their childhood, meddles with their capacity to go to ordinary school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or ethically risky and harmful. Of an expected 215 child workers around the world roughly 114 million (53) are in Asia and the Pacific 14 million (7) live in Latin America and 65 million (30) live in sub-Saharan Africa. Worldwide number of children in child work has declined by 33 since 2000, from 246 million to 168 million children. The greater part of them, 85 million, are in perilous work (down from 171 million of every 2000). The main aim of this paper is to prohibition of child laour in India. Asia and the Pacific still has the largest numbers (almost 78 million or 9.3 of child population), but Sub-Saharan Africa continues to be the region with the highest incidence of child labour (59 million, over 21).There are 13 million (8.8) of children in child labour in Latin America and the Caribbean and in the Middle East and North Africa there are 9.2 million (8.4).Agriculture remains by far the most important sector where child labourers can be found (98 million, or 59), but the problems are not negligible in services (54 million) and industry (12 million) – mostly in the informal economy. Child labour among girls fell by 40 since 2000, compared to 25for boys.

Kiran . Kiran .

ProtectionINRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex1 Sept 2022

Toward Eradication of Child Labour

Background: Child labour deprives children of their childhood, their potential, and their dignity and is harmful to their physical and mental development. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the pattern and adverse effects associated with child labour in Enugu, Nigeria. Patients, Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using an in-depth interviewer-administered questionnaire guide on child labour and adverse effects among children aged 6 to <18 years. Results: The most common labour was hawking (39.2%) and shopkeeping (22.8%). Majority of the children work to support their families. Adverse conditions experienced by the participants include prolonged work hours (100%), assault (15.8%), hunger (15.2%), sexual abuse (14.6%), and accidents (9.9%). Children aged 6–12 years were at a higher risk of sexual abuse ( P = 0.005, odds ratio = 2.463, 95% confidence interval = 1.311–4.630). Conclusion: Children in Enugu are still involved in the various forms of child labour which have detrimental effects on their well-being.

Adaobi Ijeoma Bisi-Onyemaechi, Ugo Nnenna Chikani, Pascal U. Chime et al.

ProtectionSurvivalDevelopmentNGRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex1 Oct 2020

Emotional Behaviour of the Child Labour

Emotional issues among child labour never received much attention as compared to physical aspects. A study was conducted in Delhi amongst the child labour and school-going children of the same socio-economic background, in this case the slums of Delhi (India) to study the behavior patterns of the children. Children within age group of 7-14 years were selected between school going and child labour category. A sample size was drawn. Five hundred children from each group were selected (n=1000) using probability proportionate sampling method across different slums. One hundred children (both 50 school-going and 50 child labour) from each slum were selected. Purposive convenience sampling technique was used to select the children in a particular slum. Strength and difficulty questionnaire (SDQ) devised by Robert Goodman was used as a tool. The children working as child labour in Delhi slums are found to be more prone to face emotional difficulties in behavioural aspects than the school-going children from the same socio-economic indicators.

Daman Ahuja, B. Kalpana

ProtectionDevelopmentPractitionerINRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleOpenAlex18 Jun 2020

A Bayesian Estimation of Child Labour in India

Abstract Child labour in India involves the largest number of children in any single country in the world. In 2011, 11.8 million children between the ages of 5 and 17 were main workers (those working more than 6 mo) according to the Indian Census. Our estimate of child labour using a combined-data approach is slightly higher than that: 13.2 million (11.4–15.2 million) for ages 5 to 17. There are various opinions on how best to measure the prevalence of child labour. In this study, we use the International Labour Organization (ILO)‘s methodology to define hazardousness and combine it with the most recent United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)‘s time thresholds for economic work and household chores. The specific aims of this study are to estimate the prevalence of child labour in the age group 5 to 17 and to suggest a combined-data approach using Bayesian inference to improve the accuracy of the child labour estimation. This study combines the National Sample Survey on Employment and Unemployment 2011/12 and the India Human Development Survey 2011/12 and compares the result with the reported figures for the incidence of child labour from the Indian Census. Our unique combined-data approach provides a way to improve accuracy, smooth the variations between ages and provide reliable estimates of the scale of child labour in India.

Jihye Kim, Wendy Kay Olsen, Arkadiusz Wiśniowski

ProtectionINRead at source

OtherOpenAlex1 Jul 2026

The scenario of Child labour in India

It has been observed over decades that, poverty forces poor families to send their children to work, which results in a serious problem the world is facing nowadays. Child labour can leave many severe consequences on children and their families. When children work, it does not mean as a standard, they support their families economically, neither all of them get paid for their work since many of them work as bonded labour or as slaves. In addition to that, they face many problems which may cause permanent damage to their childhood. Children usually work to contribute and provide financial support to their families. Child labour can be found in urban and rural areas. However the vast majority of child labour occurs in rural areas since poverty is more rampant. Although, many poor rural families struggle for a better life in urban areas, this pushes families to force their children to work in order to increase the family income and ensure survival.

Ramashish Purvey

SurvivalProtectionINRead at source

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