Abstract Purpose Online abuse of and by children is a global concern. Methods to prevent this phenomenon are diverse; however, less is known about police-led initiatives and their effectiveness in reducing the likelihood of becoming a victim or a perpetrator of cyber abuse among children. Specifically, there are no rigorous tests of the ThinkUKnow programme, to which hundreds of thousands of young people were exposed since 2006. Methods We present results from a cluster randomised control trial conducted to evaluate the Australian version of theThinkUKnowprogramme, delivered to students in primary and secondary schools. The programme consists of one face-to-face classroom-based training session delivered by at least one uniformed member of the Australian Federal Police. Post-test surveys among (n = 1954) students were used to estimate the treatment effect. Results Exposure to the programme significantly improves knowledge about cyber abuse but marginally impacted risk perceptions, engagement with risky behaviours, or willingness to report cyber abuse to adults or others. Treatment participants are more likely to report cyber abuse to the police than control participants. The legitimacy of the police also improves following the intervention among younger but not older students. Conclusion ThinkUKnowleads to desirable consequences in some but not all indictors of potentially minimising the risk of cyber abuse to and by children. Replications, preferably with diverse populations and measures of long-term effects of behavioural modifications, are needed.
The International Psychological Forum "Child in a Digital World" is dedicated to the issues of sustainable development of young children and adolescents in the context of the transformation of childhood caused by the digitalization of modern society.The Forum is initiated by the Federal Scientifi c Center for Psychological and Interdisciplinary Research in cooperation with the Faculty of Psychology of the Lomonosov Moscow State University and Russian Psychological Society.The Forum is supported by the the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.The International Psychological Forum "Child in a Digital World" received the auspices of the UNESCO.УДК 159.922.7;08ББК 88.41;94.
Social media has greatly affected society as we know it today, most especially to the teenagers and children under the age of 10, termed as ‘underage children’. Which requires a comprehensive understanding of its effects and risks. This study focuses on what parents think about their children’s usage of social media applications. By surveying parents, we aimed to learn more about their beliefs, concerns and how they manage their children’s online activities and experiences. Our research identified a significant gap between parental awareness and their children’s online experiences. This lack of understanding is concerning because social media platforms are ubiquitous. Many parents lack a thorough understanding of the potential risks and challenges their underage children encounter in this digital environment. Additionally, existing safety measures, even within supposedly child-safe platforms like YouTube Kids, focus only on video content, neglecting potential vulnerabilities in other areas. This highlights the necessity for parental perspectives in shaping safer online spaces for minors. Our Proposed model addresses the current limitations by providing a social media experience with integrated parental controls. The proposed model includes features such as content sharing control, message control, Log-in/ Log-out timings, and customizable ad preferences. The model was stimulated by the literature review and a preliminary research study, which adopts a data-driven approach to enhance child safety within digital landscape. Future research should involve user testing of proposed model with focused group discussions, along with their validation and analysis.
Sorath Mahar, Shahzad Ahmed Memon, Lachhman Das Dhomeja et al.
Children online safety is a global issue and attaining international attention to address it. Often, children are vulnerable to online threats. Aim of this paper is to review children online safety issues and identify existing international efforts for reducing online risks. In this regard, efforts from available international bodies for providing online safety to children are reviewed and reported. To overcome online risks, understanding the behaviour of online ecosystem and coping after facing risks are most important. The ecosystem involves different stakeholders such as service providers, physical network, online users being connected, social media sites and tools and technology. Elimination of online risks is difficult but the intensity of risks can be reduced.
This article is about violence (aggression) against children, which is becoming the main problem of the 21st century. We have considered this violence in the case of children and given important suggestions and instructions
This paper examined the household factors deemed determinants of child labour in small scale gold mining in Tanzania. Specifically, the study examined number of children, parental care and divorce of the respondents which influence child labour practices in small scale gold mining (SSGM) in Geita region. Furthermore, the study used the case of Nyang’hwale district which is one of the districts in Geita region where SSGM activities are rampant compared to the rest of the districts. The study used a cross-sectional survey researches design. The primary data were collected by using questionnaires from 209 individuals who were systematically and randomly sampled from Nyang’hwale district in Geita region. Moreover, the study applied a newly developed method of measuring the age risk of children working under 18 years known as Eta Value. The researcher analyzed the data using the Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM PLS) with a combination of analytic techniques including statistics and artificial intelligence software. The study found that the child labour determinants under household factors were number of children, parental care and divorce level of the respondents. Moreover, the researcher found that micro-sociology focuses on the individual's micro aspects which are household – number of children, parental care and divorce. The study concludes that the fundamental determinants of child labour practices in small scale gold mining in Tanzania are household factors. The study recommends prioritizing number of children, parental care and divorce analysis for solving individual problems so as to eradicate child labour practices in Geita.
Girl child labour has been one of the biggest obstacles to social development. It is a challenge and long-term goal in many countries to abolish all forms of child labour. Especially in developing countries, it is considered as a serious issue these days. Girl Child labour refers to children who miss their childhood and are not able to have the basic amenities which a child should have. Recently the International. They are often mistreated and work for prolonged hours, in very bad conditions. This can affect their health physically, mentally and emotionally. Girl children do not have the basic rights like access to school or health care.
Abstract Child labour in Ghana is a multifaceted issue often examined through a multisectoral lens, which frequently overlooks the legal factors that engender the practice of the menace. Addressing this gap, the present study, by means of a qualitative desk review, explores the legal inadequacies that perpetuate child labour in Ghana. With over two million children engaged in child labour, it is imperative to examine the legal loopholes that inadvertently fester prevalence of such acts of human rights violation. By analysing these legal gaps, the study aims to provide both theoretical insights and practical solutions to mitigate the prevalence of child labour. This research underscores the necessity of a robust legal framework to combat the complexities of child labour effectively and uphold children’s rights in the country and across jurisdictions within Sub-Saharan Africa, where child labour is known to be prevalent.
The present study was conducted in Kohat district Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, with the sole aim to find out the major cause of Child labour, particularly poverty, which is remains a serious social problem across the globe, particularly in underdeveloped areas such as Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 100 child labourers working in different sectors of Kohat, including shops, workshops, streets and markets. Purposive sampling was used to select respondents who were directly involved in child labour. The findings of the study show that poverty is a major factor pushing children into labour. Most respondents reported working to support their families due to financial problems and the inability to afford education. The study concludes that child labour in Kohat is deeply rooted in poverty, lack of educational opportunities, and weak enforcement of child protection laws. The research recommends poverty reduction strategies, improved access to free and quality education, community awareness programs and stronger implementation of child labour laws to address this issue effectively. Keywords: Child Labour, Poverty, Education, Social Problems, Kohat District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Child Protection Laws
This article addresses the persistent claim that the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) has a negative impact on the availability of labour for agricultural operations, which has significant implications for the induced demand for child labour as a cheaper substitute for unskilled adult labour on agricultural farms in peak seasons. The study contributes to this debate by examining three issues: (i) effects of seasonality on child intensity of labour; (ii) impact of MGNREGS on child intensity of labour; and (iii) impact of seasonality and MGNREGS on human capital formation.
