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22,944 reports · page 231 of 2295

Peer-reviewed articleEurope PMC1 Oct 2026

Promising Practices to Promote Snap at Schools: A Quantitative Analysis of Snap Outreach Efforts.

Background In 2023, 17.9% of US households with children experienced food insecurity. While the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) aims to reduce food insecurity, persistent under-enrollment, labeled the "SNAP Gap," limits its impact. Schools represent a strategic yet underutilized setting to reach eligible families. This study examined school-based strategies to increase caregivers' awareness and knowledge of SNAP. Methods Twelve diverse school districts implemented stigma-free SNAP outreach initiatives, reaching 8601 participants across 37 outreach events statewide. Caregiver knowledge and perceptions about SNAP were then assessed via online retrospective post-then-pre surveys and analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results Among caregivers (n = 1144), SNAP outreach was associated with statistically significant increases in knowledge (p < 0.001), including awareness of benefits, eligibility, application sites, and available assistance. Implications for school health policy, practice, and equity Tailored, school-based outreach can reduce stigma, normalize use, and increase knowledge of SNAP. Partnerships with community organizations enhance support while minimizing school staff burden. Conclusions Schools are effective access points for narrowing the SNAP Gap through outreach, education, and stigma reduction. Future research should examine student perspectives on SNAP and school meal program participation.

Taylor JS, Koch K, DeSimone J et al.

Survival

Peer-reviewed articleEurope PMC1 Aug 2026

Quality of life in families of infants and toddlers with food allergies: A mixed-methods study.

Background Food allergies (FA) are a growing public health concern affecting family wellbeing. While previous research has focused largely on school-aged children, limited evidence exists regarding families of infants and toddlers. This study examined the quality of life (QoL) in families with children aged up to 3 years with food allergies in Cyprus and sought to identify modifiable factors that may inform strategies to improve family QoL. Methods A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was used. Quantitative data were collected from mothers of 100 children with FA diagnosis by either a consultant allergist or consultant paediatrician using the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire-Parent Form, translated and culturally adapted into Greek. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 mothers and analysed using thematic analysis. Findings were integrated using a joint display. Results Mean FAQLQ-PF scores indicated mild-moderate quality-of-life impairment; however, notable burden was observed in domains related to fear of unfamiliar foods, dietary restriction and social participation. Moderate-high concern regarding accidental ingestion (76%) and severe reactions (77%) was common. Qualitative findings highlighted sustained parental vigilance, restructuring of daily routines around food safety and emotional strain associated with diagnostic uncertainty. Mothers also described variability in clinical guidance and limited societal awareness, particularly in childcare and public food environments. Integration revealed predominantly convergent findings. In one area of complementarity, qualitative data revealed extensive daily caregiving effort underlying low quantitative activity limitation scores. One area of silence was identified where a quantitative construct was not reflected in interview narratives, suggesting that structured and open-ended methods capture different dimensions of the caregiving experience. Conclusion In our sample, families of infants and toddlers with FA in Cyprus experience persistent emotional and practical challenges despite moderate QoL impairment. Parental stress is driven primarily by risk perception, social restrictions and variability in clinical guidance. Standardised early management and improved community awareness may enhance family adaptation during this critical period.

Panagiotou E, Andreou E, Nicolaou N et al.

SurvivalDevelopmentProtectionCYRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleEurope PMC25 Sept 2026

A study protocol for international consensus guidelines on music therapy for paediatric posterior fossa syndrome.

Posterior fossa syndrome (PFS) is a common complication following surgical resection of paediatric posterior fossa tumours, characterised by mutism, ataxia, emotional disturbance, and cognitive impairment. Despite significant rehabilitation needs, there is limited evidence regarding effective therapeutic approaches, including the role of music therapy. Music therapy is uniquely positioned to address the multidimensional needs of children with PFS, yet the low incidence and clinical heterogeneity of the syndrome preclude traditional empirical research designs. International consensus guidelines are therefore needed to consolidate clinical knowledge and support consistent, high-quality practice. This protocol describes a two-phase study to develop international consensus guidelines for music therapy practice with children with PFS. Phase 1 involves a pre-Delphi consultation with three regional Advisory Panels (North America, Europe, Australia), each comprising family representatives, music therapists, allied health professionals, and medical practitioners. These panels will identify clinical priorities, family concerns, and interdisciplinary outcomes to inform the development of the survey instrument. Phase 2 uses an international Delphi process with a minimum of 30 experienced paediatric music therapists, proceeding through three to five iterative rounds of item generation, rating, and refinement. Consensus is defined a priori as ≥80% agreement. Quantitative analysis will be conducted in R; qualitative data will be analysed thematically. The study will be conducted and reported in line with DELPHISTAR recommendations. The resulting consensus guidelines will support developmentally responsive, family-centred music therapy assessment and intervention for children with PFS, while identifying priority areas for future research in paediatric neuro-oncology and neurorehabilitation.

Burns J, Pool J, Twyford K et al.

DevelopmentSurvivalAUCAUSRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleEurope PMC7 Aug 2026

Parental academic involvement and academic buoyancy among junior high school students: cross-sectional indirect associations involving peer relations and academic emotions.

Objective This study examined the association between parental academic involvement and academic buoyancy among junior high school students from families meeting predefined parental-education and household-income criteria, and tested whether peer relations and academic emotions were involved in cross-sectional statistical indirect-association patterns between these variables. Methods Using a cross-sectional survey design, we collected online data from 867 Chinese junior high school students through the Wenjuanxing platform. Measures assessed parental academic involvement, peer relations, academic emotions, and academic buoyancy. After controlling for gender, grade, and only-child status, we conducted Pearson correlation analyses and cross-sectional parallel statistical indirect-association analyses. Bootstrap procedures with 5,000 resamples were used to estimate statistical indirect associations and their 95% confidence intervals. Results Parental academic involvement was positively associated with positive academic emotions and academic buoyancy, and negatively associated with peer fear and inferiority and negative academic emotions. Parallel statistical indirect-association analyses showed significant total indirect-association patterns in both models (maternal academic involvement: effect = 0.0380, 95% CI [0.0290, 0.0485]; paternal academic involvement: effect = 0.0283, 95% CI [0.0196, 0.0379]). In both models, significant specific statistical indirect associations were observed in the patterns involving peer fear and inferiority, negative academic emotions, and positive academic emotions, with the largest statistical indirect association involving positive academic emotions. By contrast, the indirect association involving peer acceptance was not significant in either model. Conclusion In this cross-sectional sample, academic buoyancy was concurrently associated with parental academic involvement, peer relational experiences, and academic emotions, particularly positive academic emotions.

Wang M, Yin X, Zhao Y et al.

DevelopmentParticipationCNRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleEurope PMC20 Mar 2026

Early childhood intervention for children at risk of developmental disabilities and their caregivers in Rwanda: study protocol for the PDC/Baby Ubuntu cluster randomised trial.

Background Early childhood intervention strategies have the potential to promote health, participation and quality of life for young children at risk of developmental disabilities and their caregivers, however evidence on the impact of integrated care strategies in sub-Saharan Africa is lacking. Access to early intervention is crucial for affected children and families, particularly in resource-constrained settings with limited access to specialised services. This trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of a bundle of early identification, care and support, integrated into government health systems in Rwanda: the Pediatric Development Clinic (PDC)/Baby Ubuntu programme. Methods The study is a single-blind, effectiveness implementation-hybrid (type II) cluster randomised controlled trial with two arms (1:1 ratio). At cluster level, all community health centres in the three trial districts will be eligible for inclusion. At the participant level, at risk children aged ≤ 59 months will be eligible where 'at risk' is defined as being a survivor of a newborn condition that is a recognised risk factor for developmental disability (neonatal encephalopathy, prematurity, meningitis, severe jaundice, cerebral malaria, suspected genetic and chromosomal conditions and seizures), and/or not meeting age-specific developmental milestones. Those receiving inpatient hospital treatment or in institutional care will not be eligible. Primary outcomes will be family health-related quality of life (PedsQL) and child participation (Young Child Participation & Environment Measure) assessed 12 months after enrolment and randomisation. Secondary outcomes include caregiver knowledge and confidence (scored structured assessments), psychological distress (Self-Report Questionnaire), experience of disability-affiliated stigma (Affiliate Stigma Scale), and economic activity (time-use survey), in addition to child mortality, illness and hospitalisation, child development/function (Global Scales of Early Development, Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool, PEDI-CAT), and nutritional status (weight-for-age, height-for-age). Analysis will be by intention-to-treat, consisting of all randomised subjects analysed according to assigned study arm. Cluster-level analyses will assess intervention effect. Discussion The trial utilises best practice methodology and frameworks to conduct rigorous and comprehensive impact, process and economic evaluation of the intervention implemented and is guided by a multi-disciplinary team and steering committee. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN17523514. Retrospectively registered 24 July 2024, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN17523514.

Scherer N, Nemerimana M, Nanyunja C et al.

SurvivalDevelopmentProtectionExperimentalRWMWRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleEurope PMC22 Jul 2026

Response to family violence in child health services (FRIDa): study protocol of a mixed-method study in the Stockholm region, Sweden.

Introduction Growing up with family violence (FV) is potentially harmful both in a short-term and long-term perspective for the child. Early identification and support are therefore important. The purpose of this project (FRIDa) is to gain a deeper knowledge about the identification of and response to FV in the Swedish Child Health Services (CHS). Further, we would like to better understand how structure and organisation together with nurses' perceptions may contribute to identification and response within the CHS. Methods and analysis In this part of the FRIDa-project, we will use a mixed-method design to explore the pattern of identification of, and response to, FV. Approximately 90 000 CHS medical records over 12 months will be analysed with regression analysis to examine how FV identification and response vary by demographic factors. Furthermore, a qualitative interview study will gain information about the organisational barriers and facilitators and nurses' professional experiences of working with FV within the CHS. The quantitative and qualitative results will be integrated in an explorative data analysis focusing on variations in the frequencies of posed questions, identification and response to FV supported by interview data. Ethics and dissemination The study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Reference number 2025-03516-01). Results will be published with open access in international peer-review journals and communicated to national and regional CHS to contribute to the understanding of the long-term clinical work with FV within CHS. It will also add to the advancement of evidence-based practices for identification of, and response to, FV. Trial registration number NCT07158983.

Fröjlinger A, Blom L, Tiitinen Mekhail K et al.

ProtectionSERead at source

Peer-reviewed articleEurope PMC1 Aug 2026

'I Do Often Feel Like We Were Given a Magic Wand' - Children's and Families' Experiences of Allied Health Services for Developmental and Disability Needs in Rural and/or Remote South Australia.

Background Children in rural and remote areas are increasingly developmentally vulnerable compared to metropolitan peers. Allied health professionals are positioned to provide services to support children with developmental and disability needs but face barriers to delivering services in rural and remote areas. Research has highlighted the need to understand context, for quality care delivery; however, critical gaps remain in understanding assets within our communities. Objective The aim of this study was to explore parents/carers and children's experiences receiving services for disability and developmental needs in rural and remote South Australia. Design Qualitative appreciative inquiry methodology using semi-structured interviews and. Setting and participants Participants were purposefully recruited via snowball sampling through allied health professionals and included parents/carers and children receiving allied health services for developmental and/or disability needs. Results Thirteen parents, one carer and eight children participated in interviews. Findings were inductively structured into a socio-ecological framework. Themes included 'the importance of having fun', 'therapy makes us grow', 'my child and therapist are parts of the community', 'consistent, knowledgeable and caring therapists', 'flexible environments and health services' and 'accessing funding models and the healthcare system'. Discussion These findings tell us that the value of 'fun' and community within health services should not be overlooked. Parents/carers value therapists' individual qualities, seeing their children grow and being supported to understand the healthcare system. Conclusions Children's and parents/carers perspectives should be centred so communities are positioned to drive sustainable and practical improvements in allied health service delivery. Patient of public contribution This study sought experiences from parents/carers and children with developmental or disability needs in rural and remote South Australia. The lead author is an allied health professional who has been working with this population. All participants were sent the results for feedback. The findings will inform stakeholders developing models of care for delivering allied health services to this population.

Gosse G, Kumar S, Banwell H et al.

DevelopmentProtectionAURead at source

Peer-reviewed articleEurope PMC19 May 2026

Parent-reported children's self-efficacy in linking family resources to preschoolers' learning dispositions: a mixed-methods study.

Background Preschoolers' learning dispositions are shaped by both family environments and child-level characteristics, but less is known about how these factors operate together in Chinese family contexts. This study examined how parenting self-efficacy, socioeconomic status, parenting arrangements, parental involvement, and parent-reported children's self-efficacy were associated with preschoolers' learning dispositions. Methods An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was used. In the quantitative phase, 481 parents from four kindergartens in northern and southern China completed questionnaires on family factors, parental involvement, parent-reported children's self-efficacy, and children's learning dispositions. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analyses, hierarchical regression analyses, and network analysis were conducted. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews with 23 purposively selected parents were analyzed using constructivist grounded theory to further interpret the quantitative findings. Results Hierarchical regression showed that parent-reported children's self-efficacy had the strongest association with learning dispositions in the final model, followed by parenting self-efficacy and parental involvement. The association between socioeconomic status and learning dispositions weakened after parental involvement and parent-reported children's self-efficacy were included. Network analysis further identified children's self-efficacy and home participation as important bridge nodes connecting family resources, parental involvement, and learning dispositions. Qualitative findings showed that family atmosphere, home-based participation, teacher feedback, and children's mastery experiences were linked to children's confidence, curiosity, initiative, and persistence. Conclusions Children's self-efficacy emerged as a central child-level correlate linking family resources and parental involvement with preschoolers' learning dispositions. The findings suggest that supportive family interactions may be most relevant to learning dispositions when they are translated into children's observable confidence, initiative, and persistence in everyday learning activities.

Wang T, Qu H, Wu P et al.

DevelopmentCNRead at source

Peer-reviewed articleEurope PMC5 Sept 2026

<i>"Google It":</i> Experiences of Children and Parents During the Assessment and Diagnosis of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I.

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I (CRPS-I) is a chronic pain disorder that can affect children most commonly in early adolescence. In comparison to adult literature, there is a sparsity of evidence regarding the effect of CRPS-I on children. This evidence gap contributes to diagnostic delays, affecting children and parents physically, psychologically, and socially. The experiences of children and their parents when receiving a CRPS-I diagnosis have yet to be explored. The current study explored the experiences of children and parents during the assessment and diagnosis of CRPS-I. This qualitative study involved secondary analysis of verbatim interviews with children and their parents from a primary study that explored outcomes of chronic musculoskeletal pain treatment in children aged 11-18 years. Timeline drawings were used as a participatory method and, where possible, children and parents were interviewed separately. Seven children who reported they had received a diagnosis of CRPS-I and their parents were included (n = 14). Transcripts were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Data were analyzed inductively to identify key themes that shaped their experiences before, during, and after diagnosis. Four themes were developed that uncovered a complex journey before, during, and after diagnosis. An overarching theme, Navigating Healthcare, developed alongside three sequential themes: Search for Answers, It's CRPS, and What's Next? This study demonstrates that access to health professionals with the knowledge, experience, and skills to provide rehabilitation for pediatric CRPS may be more important than early diagnosis in influencing CRPS-I outcomes. Care pathways must include guidance for health professionals on how to explain CRPS-I so that no family needs to resort to internet searches to explain this complex condition or navigate their child's care.

Evans E, Roberts L, Joslin R

Read at source

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