Work-to-family conflict has significant implications for adult child caregivers and the older parents they care for, and cultural values such as filial piety play a critical role in shaping these dynamics. By integrating the work-home resources model with the dual filial piety framework, this study offers a novel perspective on how filial piety shapes the resource-depletion processes linking work-to-family conflict with family role performance. We conducted two empirical studies to test our hypotheses. Study 1 employed a time-lagged survey design and included 292 full-time employees who regularly provided care to their aging parents. Study 2 adopted a weekly experience sampling design, involving 256 participants and yielding 1,265 observations over a 5-week period. The results reveal that work-to-family conflict is negatively associated with family role performance. Informal caregiver burnout mediates this relationship. Moreover, reciprocal filial piety buffers the indirect effect of work-to-family conflict on family role performance through caregiver burnout, whereas authoritarian filial piety amplifies it. These findings highlight the role of culturally embedded filial norms in shaping resource dynamics and provide actionable insights for promoting caregiver well-being and eldercare quality in rapidly aging societies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
Purpose To develop a simple screening tool, the Thumbs-Out Classification (TOC), for detecting thumb-in-palm deformity during clinical follow-ups of children with cerebral palsy (CP), and to evaluate its reliability.Methods The TOC was developed through expert consensus and consists of three levels of radial thumb abduction: normal (green), slightly reduced (yellow), and severely reduced (red). Classification cut-offs were established using goniometric measurements from 20 typically developing children. These cut-offs were then applied to classify active and passive radial thumb abduction in 61 children with CP (median age 9 years). Inter-rater, intra-rater, and test-retest reliability were assessed using Cohen’s weighted kappa (κw) and percentage agreement.Results Agreement between goniometric measurements and TOC levels was moderate for both active (κw = 0.59) and passive (κw = 0.54) radial abduction, with substantial percentage agreement (79% and 81%, respectively). Inter-rater reliability was almost perfect for active (κw = 0.93) and passive (κw = 0.89) radial abduction. Test-retest reliability was also almost perfect (active κw = 0.84; passive κw = 0.93).Conclusions The TOC is a reliable screening tool for monitoring thumb positioning in children with CP. It may facilitate detection of thumb-in-palm deformity and support timely interventions aimed at optimising hand function.
Jenny Hedberg‐Graff, Lena Krumlinde‐Sundholm, Fredrik Granström et al.
Introduction The Missing Piece Surveillance study was a school-based surveillance study documenting group A Streptococcus (Strep A) infection in children in two towns of the Kimberley region of Western Australia (Broome and Derby). The Kimberley experiences higher rates of the serious immune-mediated conditions acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD), which can result from Strep A infection. The clinical epidemiological study aimed to document the prevalence and features of superficial Strep A infections, particularly impetigo (skin sores) and pharyngitis (sore throat) in children aged 5-15. Surveillance required several years of collaboration with participants, their families, their teachers and their schools to support primary data collection. Methods Following the completion of surveillance, the research team aimed to find a way to share their findings with the communities they worked with, particularly with the children who has provided their time and biological samples. In this study, we describe the use and value of participatory action research methods to co-create two storybooks telling the stories of the Missing Piece study. Results Through consultation, focus groups and reflection, we explored how the design, content and use of storybooks could create meaning for participants. Discussion Resultingly, children's voices and preferences were incorporated into the communication tool, producing an outcome that reflected participatory action methodology and co-creation.
Kassandra Fernando, Ann Grand, Heather J. Bray et al.
Background Fungal infections in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. However, there are no reports on this subject in Nigerian children. Objective This study aimed to document the spectrum of fungal infections and their outcomes in Nigerian children infected with HIV. Methodology The case records of all children infected with HIV in three South West Nigerian tertiary hospitals were studied. Data on the identified fungal infection, clinical presentation, and outcomes were obtained and analyzed. Results A total of 175 children infected with HIV, comprising 89 (50.9%) boys and 86 (49.1%) girls, with ages ranging from 2 months to 16 years, were studied. Of the population studied, 83 (47.4%) had dermatophytosis and 24 (13.7%) had invasive fungal infections (IFIs). Tinea capitis, thrush (pityriasis versicolor), and tinea corporis constituted more than 75% of the dermatophytosis. Invasive candidiasis, Pneumocystis pneumonia, cryptococcal disease, and aspergillosis accounted for more than 95% of the IFIs. Among the 175 children, 61 (34.9%) admissions and 12 (6.9%) deaths were recorded. Nine of the 12 deaths were due to IFIs. Infants and children not on Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy had higher rates of IFIs ( p < 0.01). Admission and death rates were higher among those with IFIs ( p < 0.01). Higher rates of IFIs and dermatophytosis were found among those with a low socioeconomic status ( p < 0.05). Appropriate diagnostics were lacking for Pneumocystis pneumonia and cryptococcal disease diagnosis. Fluconazole was the only antifungal available and accessible for cryptococcal meningitis management. Conclusion Fungal infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in children infected with HIV. Appropriate diagnostics and medications must be made accessible to reverse IFI treatment outcomes.
Olusola Adetunji Oyedeji, Joseph Babafunso Ayinde, Odunayo Afolayan et al.
Stepfamily structure frequently divides parents and stepparents around discipline. This may be rooted in the fact that stepparents lack the attachment history and shared understanding that buffer irritation. Both warm, strong parent-child relationships and positive, caring stepparent-stepchild relationships are firmly linked to children’s well-being. However, effective parenting and positive stepparenting are often different. We have increasingly overwhelming evidence that parents, not stepparents, need to retain discipline and limit-setting, especially early on. Successful stepparents focus on building trusting, caring relationships with their stepchildren. Research is also clearly establishing that most positive stepparent roles are actually not parental. Despite this fact, the quality of stepparent-stepchild relationships is robustly linked to children’s well-being: When stepparents lead with warmth rather than control, a wide range of roles are associated with significantly better emotional and physical health outcomes for children. Conversely, distant, conflicted and coercive stepparent-stepchild relationships are linked to poorer emotional and physical well-being for children. With flexibility, patience, and respect for children’s pacing, stepparent-stepchild relationships can become warm enduring bonds.
Importance Family-centered care is an approach to pediatric health care that recognizes the essential role of the family in ensuring child health and well-being, seeks to establish collaborative partnerships among the child, family, and health care team, and provides a framework for implementing trauma-informed care. However, the association between receiving family-centered care and key measures of child and family well-being, including among families with a history of trauma and adversity, is unknown. Objectives To examine associations between family-centered care and child flourishing and family resilience and connection among US children and to assess whether associations differ by the child’s history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used 2021 to 2024 National Survey of Children’s Health data from children aged 6 to 17 years. Analyses were conducted in September to December 2025. Exposure Caregiver report of receipt of family-centered care by the child’s physician or other health care practitioners in the past 12 months. Main Outcomes and Measures Child flourishing and family resilience and connection based on caregiver response to established measures. Results This study assessed 110 984 children (mean [SD] age, 11.5 [0.02], years; 57 302 [51.0%] male and 53 682 [49.0%] female) who had a health care visit in the past 12 months. Adjusted for potential confounders, the prevalence of child flourishing was 8.6 percentage points higher (prevalence difference [PD], 0.086; 95% CI, 0.072-0.101), and the prevalence of family resilience and connection was 8.2 percentage points higher (PD, 0.082; 95% CI, 0.069-0.096) for those who received family-centered care compared with those who did not. Among children with and without ACEs, the prevalence of child flourishing (with ACES: PD, 0.112; 95% CI, 0.089-0.132; without ACEs: PD, 0.068; 95% CI, 0.049-0.087) and family resilience and connection (with ACEs: PD, 0.105; 95% CI, 0.085-0.125; without ACEs: PD, 0.0563; 95% CI, 0.043-0.081) was higher for those who received family-centered care compared with those who did not, with larger estimates among children with ACEs than children without ACEs. Conclusions and Relevance Results from this cross-sectional study found that family-centered care was associated with a higher prevalence of child flourishing and family resilience and connection, particularly among those with a history of adversity. These results suggest that family-centered care offers a practical and measurable way for health care professionals to promote well-being for all children and families but particularly for children with a history of ACEs.
Anna E. Austin, Christine Katie Thang, Sasha S. Svendsen
This cross-sectional study examined how language mindset beliefs are associated with psychological well-being and English achievement among Chinese higher vocational students, an underrepresented population in educational psychology. A total of 1,030 students from a private vocational and technical university completed the PERMA-Profiler and Language Mindset Inventory and reported their latest College English Test Band 4 (CET-4) score. Spearman rank-order correlations, regression-based moderation analysis with heteroscedasticity-robust standard errors, Mann–Whitney U tests, and Kruskal–Wallis H tests were used. Growth language mindset (GLM) was strongly associated with overall psychological well-being ( r s = 0.589), with its strongest observed PERMA subscale associations involving meaning ( r s = 0.583), accomplishment ( r s = 0.568), and engagement ( r s = 0.542). Fixed language mindset (FLM) showed weaker associations with positive PERMA subscale scores and its strongest association was with negative emotion ( r s = 0.408). CET-4 scores were only weakly associated with well-being ( r s = 0.110), GLM ( r s = 0.127), and FLM ( r s = −0.080). Neither the well-being × GLM nor the well-being × FLM interaction was significant, indicating no evidence that either language mindset factor moderated the association between well-being and CET-4 achievement. Demographic differences in CET-4 achievement by gender, only-child status, and hometown locale were statistically significant but small; male students also reported slightly higher FLM scores than female students. These findings suggest that the two theory-grounded LMI composite scores are more closely related to learners’ psychological functioning than to standardized English achievement, although their current-sample structural distinctiveness should be interpreted cautiously.
: Parental divorce is a multifaceted family change that may affect children’s emotional security, behavior, educational functioning, social relationships, and long-term psychological well-being. However, contemporary scientific evidence does not support the deterministic view that divorce in itself inevitably leads to impaired psychological adjustment in the child. Rather, a child’s condition is shaped by the interaction of the family climate before the divorce, interparental conflict, the quality of parenting, economic resources, living conditions, the child’s developmental stage, and the quality of relationships after the divorce.
This study applies the Cognitive Grammar framework to Alice Munro’s short story My Mother’s Dream, which centres on a young woman’s struggle to reconcile motherhood with her identity as a violinist in a post-war provincial Canadian community. The narrative intricately plays with the theme of infant death, presented initially as part of the young mother’s dream and revisited as a possibility in the post-climactic scene. Both scenes are analysed through the Cognitive Grammar concept of construal and its dimensions of specificity, prominence, and perspective (Langacker, 2008), complemented by the reference point model and the notion of action chains to explore how narrative meaning emerges through conceptual patterns. These tools enable a scientifically justified explanation of foreboding in the early scene and panic in the later one. Employing a qualitative, interpretive methodology based on close reading and the manual application of the Cognitive Grammar toolkit (Stockwell, 2014; Harrison, 2017a; Giovanelli, et al., 2021), this study demonstrates the framework’s potential to illuminate the processes of meaning encoding and decoding in fictional texts.
Adolescents are increasingly screened for suicide risk in primary care (PC), leading to increased suicide risk identification. Research highlights the importance of parents in promoting adolescent safety and well-being. However, parents and adolescents are not always aligned in how to engage parents in adolescent care. Furthermore, little is known about what support parents need when caring for a child with suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) in PC. In this study, 16 pediatric PC professionals, 20 adolescents with histories of STB, and 18 parents of adolescents with histories of STB completed interviews regarding their perspectives on adolescent suicide care in PC. Interviews asked about barriers, facilitators, needs, and if and how parents should be involved in PC-based adolescent suicide care. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using inductive and deductive thematic analysis. Results demonstrated that adolescents, parents, and PC professionals believe parents play an important role in adolescent suicide care in PC. However, all groups reported key challenges that impede effective parent involvement, including the following: (a) concerns about mental health and suicide stigma, (b) poor parent-child relationships, (c) parent-child difficulty communicating about mental health and safety, and (d) concerns about patient confidentiality and privacy. Additionally, parents reported needs, including (a) help navigating youth mental health services, (b) emotional support, and (c) education/resources about adolescent STB. Results highlight a tension between adolescent hesitancy toward parent involvement, parents' desire to be more included and informed in their child's care, and PC staff concerns regarding how to navigate this discrepancy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
