All children's products are subject to a set of federal safety rules, called children's product safety rules.It is important to classify the product to identify correctly the set of children's product safety rules applicable to the product.As for the online transactions, there is a federal agency called the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) which is responsible to regulate e-commerce activities, including use of commercial emails, online advertising and consumer privacy.In Malaysia, there is no specific law which governs both online transaction and children product safety.The general laws applicable for online transaction are the Electronic Commerce Act 2006, Contracts Act 1950, and Sale of Goods Act 1957 whilst the general law regulating children product safety would be the Consumer Protection Act 1999.This paper discuss the general laws which are applicable in Malaysia related to online transaction of children product and to highlight the legal issues on product safety which arises or might arises due to the current regulatory framework.This paper adopts the statutory analysis and doctrinal analysis research methodology.
Farhanin Abdullah Asuhaimi, Zuhairah Ariff Abd Ghadas, Nur Amani Pauzai et al.
This contribution to the Forum examines the sudden backlash against the Online Safety Act in those right-wing newspapers which had long clamoured for online censorship and demanded that legislation such as this should be introduced. The article suggests that their concern about children watching porn online rapidly evaporated when they came to see the Act as offering an opportunity to attack the Labour Government, propagandize on behalf of a form of free speech fundamentalism, and express their support for Donald Trump. The article argues that there is a significant difference between libertarian free speech fundamentalism and the concern for freedom of expression based firmly on human rights principles, which I outlined in my recent Porn Studies article ‘Porn and the OSA: What about the Children?’
Cough is a common symptom in pediatric patients, often requiring effective and well-tolerated antitussive treatments.Although traditional agents like dextromethorphan and codeine are effective, they are associated with side effects likedrowsiness, nausea, and dependency risks. Levocloperastine (LCP), a nonopioid antitussive, has emerged as a safer alternativewith a dual mechanism of action targeting both central and peripheral pathways. This manuscript highlights the findings froman online survey that gathered insights from Indian physicians regarding their perceptions of LCP's safety and efficacy inchildren aged 2 to 15 years. The survey data came from 161 physicians through a structured electronic questionnaire. Resultsindicated high physician confidence in LCP's rapid onset of action, tolerability, and minimal side effects. Notably, 86.6%of participants prescribed LCP in their clinical practice to the children, with 69.6% finding it faster-acting than traditionalagents. Additionally, 80.7% reported reduced night-time sleep disruptions, and 96.9% found it well-tolerated in pediatricpatients. These findings align with existing literature and reinforce LCP's role as a preferred antitussive in pediatric coughmanagement.
The coronavirus pandemic has inevitably led to more time spent online, which will have increased the risk of children and teenagers being exposed to cyberbullying and harmful content, among other issues. This article examines available data on the effects of the pandemic on children as a result of their online activity and looks at what schools and child health professionals may need to anticipate in terms of children's mental health following the pandemic.
Social media has greatly affected society as we know it today, most especially for teenagers and children under the age of 10, termed as ‘underage children’. This requires a comprehensive understanding of its effects and risks. This study focuses on what parents think about their children’s usage of social media applications. By surveying parents, we aimed to learn more about their beliefs, concerns, and how they manage their children’s online activities and experiences. Our research identified a significant gap between parental awareness and their children’s online experiences. This lack of understanding is concerning because social media platforms are ubiquitous. Many parents lack a thorough understanding of the potential risks and challenges their underage children encounter in this digital environment. Additionally, existing safety measures, even within supposedly child-safe platforms like YouTube Kids, focus only on video content, neglecting potential vulnerabilities in other areas. This highlights the necessity for parental perspectives in shaping safer online spaces for minors. Our Proposed model addresses the current limitations by providing a social media experience with integrated parental controls. The proposed model includes features such as content sharing control, message control, Login/Logout timings, and customizable ad preferences. The model was stimulated by the literature review and a preliminary research study, which adopts a data-driven approach to enhance child safety within the digital landscape. Future research should involve user testing of the proposed model with focused group discussions, along with their validation and analysis.
Sorath Mahar, Shahzad Ahmed Memon, Lachhman Das Dhomeja et al.
The search for missing minors is a time-critical crisis where the first 24 to 48 hours dictate the likelihood of a successful rescue. In Kenya, while initial grassroots mobilization through community structures like Nyumba Kumi is exceptionally fast, the subsequent physical search and rescue operations suffer from severe logistical and technological inefficiencies. Current methodologies rely heavily on consumer-grade messaging applications, which fundamentally fail when civilian volunteers deploy into vegetative transition zones and rural terrains lacking reliable cellular network coverage. This study aimed to design, develop, and evaluate an offline-first digital command-and-control platform to resolve these operational blind spots.
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Given growing concerns about exposure to online risks, this study investigates children’s risk awareness and online safety needs in Zimbabwe. The research focuses on assessing factors influencing children’s awareness of online dangers and examining how demographic factors impact the perceived need for online safety education. While prior studies emphasise, the tangible risks posed by online interactions and the role of digital literacy, limited research has addressed these challenges within Zimbabwe’s context. This study builds on existing research to bridge the gap by providing localized insights. Data was collected through structured questionnaires administered to 2,617 children aged 8 to 18 across Zimbabwe’s ten provinces. Analytical methods included chi-square tests, logit regression and analysis of variance. Key findings indicate that older children and frequent Internet users are more aware of online risks. They also highlighted that meeting online friends in person significantly increases their exposure to harm. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and parents to craft effective interventions, including targeted safety education and enhanced regulatory frameworks for safer online environments. This study contributes to understanding online risk awareness and safety needs among Zimbabwean children.
Maxwell Sandada, Gift Kalisto Machengete, Cryford Mhaka et al.
In today's digitally-dominated era, children are increasingly engaging with online content, prompting heightened concerns for their safety.This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of how various stakeholders collaborate to ensure children's online security.While children face challenges like cyberbullying and data privacy threats on platforms like social media and online games, the responsibility to protect them is distributed among Technology companies, educators, parents, NGOs, and government agencies.Despite evident collaborations, many efforts remain surface-level, lacking the depth needed to comprehensively address online safety issues.External challenges, such as rapid technological changes, cultural differences about online safety perceptions, and varying digital literacy levels, further impede deep collaboration.However, emerging global coalitions hint at the potential of effective multi-stakeholder collaboration.The paper underscores the need for more profound, unified efforts to genuinely safeguard children online.
Ratnaditya Jonnalagadda, Pallavi Singh, Garima Seth et al.
