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21,850 reports · page 207 of 2185

Peer-reviewed articlePubMed (US National Library of Medicine)6 Feb 2025

Unveiling Childhood Health: A Rural Cross-Sectional Study of Nutritional Status among Under-Five Children in Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu.

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition has emerged as a significant global concern, exacerbated by modernization and the pervasive influence of Western culture. Poor dietary habits and lifestyle shifts have rendered populations, particularly children, more vulnerable to both undernutrition and overnutrition. Alterations in dietary patterns among children under 5 years have contributed to a rise in the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases in adulthood, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. This research aims to assess the prevalence and determinants of malnutrition among children aged 6-59 months in the rural areas of Chengalpattu district. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 420 children aged 6-59 months in the rural village of Chengalpattu. Multistage random sampling was employed to select participants, and data were collected using a pre-tested, validated semi-structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, and Chi-square tests were performed to assess the associations. The univariate analysis was followed by a multivariate logistic regression to identify significant predictors. RESULTS: Overall rate of malnutrition was 46.2%, with 30.2% stunted, 21% wasted, and 24.3% underweight. Malnutrition was statistically significant with gender, low socioeconomic status, breastfeeding initiation after 1 hour of birth, Integrated Child Development Services beneficiary, mode of delivery, birth order, and parental educational status of the children. CONCLUSION: The study results indicate that undernutrition remains a significant health concern among children under 5 years of age. Addressing issues such as low living standards, hunger, malnutrition, illiteracy, inadequate antenatal care, and poor sanitary and housing facilities is crucial. Effectively implementing existing policies and initiatives aimed at improving these conditions is essential.

Peer-reviewed articlePubMed (US National Library of Medicine)2 Jul 2025

Prevalence and spatio-demographic variability of nutrition-related health issues in Kiribati.

The nutrition transition in Small Island Developing States like Kiribati has led to a significant shift from traditional diets to processed, imported foods, resulting in a double burden of malnutrition. This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of nutrition-related health issues in Kiribati, analyzing data from a nationally representative household survey conducted in 2019-2020 (with over 12,000 participants). We examined anthropometric measures and biomarkers related to both under- and overnutrition across 21 islands, including obesity, anemia, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Results reveal high prevalence of overweight and obesity (78.6% in adults), alongside persistent undernutrition in children (23.9% stunting, 6.9% wasting in under-fives). Non-communicable disease indicators were alarmingly high, with 38.5% of adults having hypertension (i.e., stage 2 or hypertensive crisis), 16.5% diabetes, and 87.1% at risk for high cholesterol. Anemia affected 13.8% of the population. Age and sex were significant factors, with older individuals and women generally at higher risk for obesity and related conditions. Geographic analysis showed that total cholesterol and diabetes varied most across islands, while obesity and other markers varied more at the household level. These patterns suggest the need for both island-specific and household-level interventions. Our findings highlight the urgent need for targeted public health strategies and interventions to address the double burden of malnutrition in Kiribati. By providing baseline data on nutritional status and its geographic and demographic variations, this study informs evidence-based policies to improve food security, nutrition, and health outcomes in the face of ongoing environmental and socioeconomic challenges in this vulnerable island nation.

Christopher D Golden, Jessica Zamborain-Mason, Katherine L Seto et al.

SurvivalKIRead at source

Peer-reviewed articlePubMed (US National Library of Medicine)3 Jul 2025

Association between nutrition literacy and diet quality among adolescents and young adults in the rural district of Mayuge, Eastern Uganda.

BACKGROUND: Adolescent malnutrition, including stunting, underweight, and micronutrient deficiency, is a major public health concern in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). While studies from the global north and Asia have shown that nutrition literacy supports healthier diets, evidence on literacy status and its role in influencing overall diet quality among adolescents and young adults (AYA) in SSA is limited. This study assessed nutrition literacy and its association with diet quality among AYA in rural Uganda. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was implemented as part of the ARISE-NUTRINT project. Based on Nutbeam's model of health literacy, the study was conducted among 1206 AYA aged 10-24 years in Mayuge district, Eastern Uganda, selected through stratified random sampling. Using a structured questionnaire, the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) was adapted to estimate diet quality, and the Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale was used to assess nutrition literacy status. Logistic regression models were employed to assess the association between nutrition literacy and diet quality, adjusting for socio-economic characteristics. RESULTS: Among 1206 respondents (51.1% female), 85.9% were still in school, over 62% were from low socioeconomic status households, and only 14% used mobile phones. Low nutrition literacy (49%) was prevalent, with many unfamiliar with a balanced diet or ignoring dietary advice, although 62% were willing to promote healthy eating. Overall, 12.6% had poor diet quality based on GDQS, marked by frequent refined grain consumption and low fruit/vegetable intake. Having low nutrition literacy was associated with a close to five-fold increase in poor diets (adjusted OR = 4.71, 95% CI: 2.19-10.16) while mobile phone use was associated with better diet quality by 56% (aOR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.27-0.74). CONCLUSION: Low nutrition literacy is a significant burden among AYA, and is strongly associated with suboptimal diet quality. Implementing targeted interventions to improve nutrition literacy can enhance diet quality among AYA in the study area.

Thomas Buyinza, Edward Buzigi, Justine Bukenya et al.

SurvivalDevelopmentUGRead at source

Peer-reviewed articlePubMed (US National Library of Medicine)4 Jul 2025

Effect of single-parent versus dual-parent households on dietary intake and growth among under-five children in Rwanda: an analysis using directed acyclic graph.

INTRODUCTION: Poor childhood diet and malnutrition are global issues, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Adequate nutrition during the early years of life is crucial for optimal child growth. Household dynamics influence children's well-being, with single-parent households facing unique challenges that can affect dietary intake and growth. In Rwanda, stunting and being underweight are still prevalent, and the role of household structure has not been studied. This study assessed the relationship of single parent in comparison to dual parent households with children's dietary intake and growth together with the mediating role of wealth in these relationships. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the 2019/2020 Rwanda Demographics and Health Survey (DHS). The analysis included 3,531 children under five years of age from dual and single parent households at the time of the survey, with a specific focus on 2332 children aged 6-23 months for dietary assessment. To estimate the associations, we performed survey-weighted multivariate logistic regressions using binary outcomes, adjusting for confounders identified by a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Mediation analysis was performed using structural equation modeling (SEM) for continuous outcomes and generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM) for binary outcomes to explore the mediating effect of wealth on the relationships among household structure, the minimum acceptable diet (MAD), and child growth. Both models accounted for the complex sampling design. RESULTS: Among the 3,531 participants, 26.9% lived in single-parent households. Stunting was observed in 34% of the children, while 8.3% were underweight, 1% experienced wasting, and only 21.1% of the children aged 6-23 months met MAD. Single-parent households were significantly associated with stunting (OR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.01-1.46) and wasting (OR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.11-3.99) but were not associated with underweight or MAD. Household structure indirectly influenced MAD (indirect effect (IE) = -0.007, p = 0.02), height-for-age (IE = -0.068, p < 0.001), and weight-for-age z scores (IE = -0.029, p = 0.001) through wealth, but no mediation effect was observed for height-for-weight z scores. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the influence of family structure on children's dietary intake and growth in Rwanda. To effectively combat malnutrition in Rwanda and similar settings, targeted interventions should address household structure, particularly that of single-parent households, and wealth disparities.

Joyeuse Ukwishaka, Sekou Samadoulougou, Vincent Sezibera et al.

SurvivalRWRead at source

Peer-reviewed articlePubMed (US National Library of Medicine)6 Jul 2025

Nutritional status and associated factors among school age children in Southeast Ethiopia using a bayesian analysis approach.

Undernutrition among school-age children is a major public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status and associated factors among school-age children in the hard-to-reach pastoral communities in Southeast Ethiopia. We conducted a school-based cross-sectional study among 395 randomly selected schoolchildren aged 7-14 years in pastoral communities in Bale Zone. We employed a hybrid of multistage sampling and systematic random sampling to select the respondents. We used the Z scores of height for age (HAZ) and body mass index for age (BAZ) based on the World Health Organization (WHO) guidance to classify nutritional status of the school-age children. We conducted a Bayesian linear regression analysis estimation using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). We calculated the mean, along with a 95% Bayesian credible interval (BCI), to identify factors associated with nutritional status. The overall prevalence of stunting and thinness among school-age children 7-14 years was 26.6% (95% CI: 21.8, 31.4%) and 28.9% (95% CI: 24.3, 33.2%), respectively. The mean and SD of HAZ and BAZ scores were -0.82 (2.13) and -0.87 (1.73), respectively. A unit increment in the age of the child and a unit increment in dietary diversity score were associated with an increment in HAZ scores by 0.122 and 0.120 units, respectively. Travelling to school for more than 30 min and more (compared to travelling less than 30 min) and being a child of a literate father (compared to being a child of an illiterate father) were associated with a decrement in the mean HAZ scores by 0.81 and 0.675 units, respectively. Children who come from rich families had BAZ scores, which are about 0.50 units higher when compared to those children coming from poor families. The high burden of stunting and thinning among the hard-to-reach pastoral communities underscores the importance of strengthening nutrition intervention programs such as school feeding and multisectoral collaboration and economic empowerment to improve accessibility of diversified food among school-age children in the hard-to-reach pastoral communities. Younger school children, children from poor families and children who have less access to school and diverse diets should be prioritised during school based nutritional interventions.

Girma Beressa, Garumma Tolu Feyissa, Mary Murimi et al.

SurvivalDevelopmentETRead at source

Peer-reviewed articlePubMed (US National Library of Medicine)9 Jul 2025

The effect of vitamin supplementation on neurodevelopmental and clinical outcomes in very low birth weight and very preterm infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Nutrition is vital for preterm infant development. Vitamins play key roles as cofactors and gene regulators for metabolic and immune functions and are common added components of preterm infant nutrition. However, information on how vitamins impact in-hospital and neurodevelopmental outcomes is sparse. We aimed to determine the effect of fat- and water-soluble vitamin supplementation on clinical outcomes during neonatal care and later neurodevelopment of very preterm (≤32 weeks' gestation) and very low birth weight (≤1500 g) infants. METHODS AND FINDINGS: 4 databases and 3 clinical trial registries were systematically searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effect model for each vitamin subgroup. Data are presented as risk ratios [95% confidence intervals]. Of 4074 references identified, 43 studies were included in the review. Only 2 reported neurodevelopment at 2 years, and only 4 were studies of water-soluble vitamins (vitamin C, 3 studies; B12 and folate, 1 study). Survival free from neurodisability was not affected by supplementation of vitamin A (0.89 [0.74-1.08], n = 538, very low certainty of evidence) or vitamin D (0.76 [0.46-1.27], n = 78, very low certainty of evidence). The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was decreased by vitamins D (0.58 [0.41-0.83]) and C (0.59 [0.37-0.93]), very low certainty of evidence), retinopathy of prematurity was decreased by vitamins A (0.77 [0.61-0.98]) and E (0.10 [0.01-0.80]), very low to low certainty of evidence) and intraventricular haemorrhage was decreased by vitamin E (0.70 [0.52-0.92], moderate certainty of evidence). Culture-proven sepsis was decreased by vitamin A (0.88 [0.77-0.99], moderate certainty of evidence). CONCLUSIONS: There are few and inconclusive data on the effect of vitamin supplementation in preterm infants on later neurodevelopment. Evidence for shorter-term outcomes is mostly of low certainty. Together with substantial heterogeneity in trial design, it therefore is difficult to recommend a specific supplementation regimen. Registry and Registry Number: This systematic review was prospectively registered on PROSPERO, ID CRD42023418552, available from https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023418552.

Anja Bronnert, Peter M Bloomfield, Lilia Delgado Páramo et al.

SurvivalRead at source

Peer-reviewed articlePubMed (US National Library of Medicine)9 Jul 2025

Prevalence, Trends, and Determinants of Double Burden of Malnutrition Among the Mother-Child Dyads of Pakistan.

Background: Double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is a complex nutritional phenomenon, where an individual or a household simultaneously face two contradictory forms of nutritional adversities. Studies on assessing the prevalence, trends, and determinants of DBM at household in Pakistan are scarce, so this study measured the prevalence, trends, and determinants of DBM at household level using nationally representative datasets. Methods: Data of last two waves of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of Pakistan conducted in 2012-2013 and 2017-2018 were used to assess the DBM prevalence, trends, and determinants at the household level. Data of mother-child dyads aged between 15 and 49 years and 0 and 59 months was included, while data with incomplete anthropometry or anthropometric outliers was excluded. Results: Across two survey periods, there has been a significant decrease in pediatrics stunting from 45% to 37.3%, while a rapid proliferation of maternal obesity from 45% to 52.3% was reported. Similarly, the prevalence of DBM at household level was 17.3% in 2012-2013, which increased to 18.9% in 2017-2018. Among different provinces of Pakistan, Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) and Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) have significantly higher prevalence of DBM at household than Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT). Factors such as child age, birth order, and socioeconomic status were significantly associated with DBM in Pakistani households. Conclusion: DBM in Pakistan is a complex and chronic challenge, which affects almost one-fifth of households. There is need to urgently address the issues of DBM and to improvise nutrition specific and nutrition sensitive interventions to curtail the issues pertaining to DBM at household.

Asif Khaliq, Muhammad Salman Godil, Shafaq Taseen et al.

SurvivalPKRead at source

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Unveiling Childhood Health: A Rural Cross-Sectional Study of Nutritional Status among Under-Five Children in Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu.

Prevalence and Determinants of Undernutrition in Under-Five Children in Urban Slums of Tripura, India.

Assessing equity in effects of nutritional supplementation for child growth, development, and anemia.

Prevalence and spatio-demographic variability of nutrition-related health issues in Kiribati.

Association between nutrition literacy and diet quality among adolescents and young adults in the rural district of Mayuge, Eastern Uganda.

Associations between protein intake status and the association of "double burden of malnutrition" in children aged 2-5 years: a health and nutrition survey of selected children in Bengbu City, China.

Effect of single-parent versus dual-parent households on dietary intake and growth among under-five children in Rwanda: an analysis using directed acyclic graph.

Nutritional status and associated factors among school age children in Southeast Ethiopia using a bayesian analysis approach.

The effect of vitamin supplementation on neurodevelopmental and clinical outcomes in very low birth weight and very preterm infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Prevalence, Trends, and Determinants of Double Burden of Malnutrition Among the Mother-Child Dyads of Pakistan.

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