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Safety and effectiveness of stoss therapy in children
Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences on calcified tissues ISSN 2052-1219 (online)
Mélissa Fiscaletti, Paul Tannous, Nicholas Wood et al.
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Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences on calcified tissues ISSN 2052-1219 (online)
Mélissa Fiscaletti, Paul Tannous, Nicholas Wood et al.
The article examines children’s digital infrastructure (devices and online access) and everyday digital practices through the lens of their social well-being. The study is based on a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative data. The primary method of data collection was unstructured interviews with children aged 14–17 (n=10). In addition, secondary analysis was conducted using data from the Monitoring of the Digital Transformation of the Economy and Society carried out by the Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge, National Research University Higher School of Economics. Empirical data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic coding. The findings demonstrate that digital devices and online access function as structuring elements of children’s everyday life, sustaining a regime of “always-connected” childhood. With age, functional differentiation of digital practices increases, accompanied by a shift from external parental mediation to trust and self-regulation. Key risks and strategies of digital safety formed by senior schoolchildren on the basis of personal experience are identified. The study concludes that children’s digital socialization requires comprehensive support combining the development of media literacy and agency with the prevention of online risks.
Anna Ardalyanova, Anna Vinokurova
Abstract In today's age, the Internet has become essential for children's education and social development. Yet the very same technologies can expose children to online harm, which can negatively impact their well‐being and safety. These risks are becoming more serious as Internet penetration rises, particularly in emerging countries that have limited resources and capacities to tackle complex issues such as online sexual abuse, cyberbullying, and Internet addiction. As research on the entire range of risks that children are exposed to online is limited, particularly in Asia and the Pacific, this study aims to initiate the process of filling this knowledge gap and proposes a set of policy recommendations to address the challenge of balancing children's online opportunities and risks. A key finding from the study is the need for a multistakeholder and collaborative approach to ensure the online safety of children, which must include children themselves.
Rajnesh D. Singh
Results of a cyber safety survey conducted over three years with respondents from 30 different countries have recently been released. DQ Institute surveyed 145 426 children and adolescents on issues related to cyber safety to assess which countries are considered safest.
Dominique Russell
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess whether the incidence of infusion reactions (IR) increases after rapid (≤1 hour) infliximab (IFX) infusions, compared with standard (2-3 hour) infusions in children. METHODS: Systematic review including studies describing the number of IR after rapid IFX infusion in children ages 0 to 18 years. RESULTS: Four records were included (3 retrospective, n = 498, 347 standard infusions, 3703 rapid infusions). Reported incidences of IR ranged from 0% to 2% of infusions in standard groups (reported 95% confidence intervals [CIs] ranged from 0% to 7%) and from 0% to 2% of infusions in rapid groups (reported 95% CIs ranged from 0% to 12%). None of the studies included reported a significant difference in incidence of IR between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence to conclude whether the rate of IR after rapid IFX increases. The consistent finding of no increase in IR in all studies and the low rate of observed IR suggests there is no significant difference in rate of IR.
Elsa A. van Wassenaer, Janneke P. M. van Oosterhout, Joost G. Daams et al.
Child rights advocates, parents, governments, and children themselves are increasingly calling for digital safety by design, so that children can be protected online, and also benefit from positive digital experiences. However, the exact meaning of digital safety by design can be unclear. This report explores the concept, considering how it is addressed at international and national levels. Internationally, there are common calls for the proactive integration of safety measures into digital products and services, as well as for transparent, accountable and child-friendly service delivery. National laws prescribe practical tools and measures such as age assurance and accessible complaint mechanisms. Focusing on actions for digital service providers, the report suggests eight key components for digital safety by design for children, including practical tools, measures to foster a culture of safety, and harm mitigation strategies. These components are illustrated through case studies, highlighting a need for diverse and tailored approaches.
OECD
BACKGROUND: Myopia is a common visual disorder with increasing prevalence. Halting progression of myopia is critical, as high myopia can be complicated by a number of vision-compromising conditions. METHODS: Literature search was conducted in the following databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) and Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) Health Technology Assessment (HTA) database. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses investigating the efficacy and safety of multiple myopia interventions vs control conditions, were considered. Methodological quality and quality of evidence of eligible studies were assessed using the ROBIS tool and GRADE rating. The degree of overlapping of index publications in the eligible reviews was calculated with the corrected covered area (CCA). RESULTS: Forty-four unique primary studies contained in 18 eligible reviews and involving 6400 children were included in the analysis. CCA was estimated as 6.2% and thus considered moderate. Results demonstrated the superior efficacy of atropine eyedrops; 1% atropine vs placebo (change in refraction: -0.78D, [- 1.30 to - 0.25] in 1 year), 0.025 to 0.05% atropine vs control (change in refraction: -0.51D, [- 0.60 to - 0.41] in 1 year), 0.01% atropine vs control (change in refraction: -0.50D, [- 0.76 to - 0.24] in 1 year). Atropine was followed by orthokeratology (axial elongation: - 0.19 mm, [- 0.21 to - 0.16] in 1 year) and novel multifocal soft contact lenses (change in refraction: -0.15D, [- 0.27 to - 0.03] in 1 year). As regards adverse events, 1% atropine induced blurred near vision (odds ratio [OR] 9.47, [1.17 to 76.78]) and hypersensitivity reactions (OR 8.91, [1.04 to 76.03]). CONCLUSIONS: Existing evidence has failed to convince doctors to uniformly embrace treatments for myopic progression control, possibly due to existence of some heterogeneity, reporting of side effects and lack of long-term follow-up. Research geared towards efficient interventions is still necessary.
Efthymia Prousali, Anna‐Bettina Haidich, Andreas Fontalis et al.
In Framing Internet Safety: The Governance of Youth Online, Nathan W. Fisk (2016) examines how the differing expectations of children, teenagers, parents, teachers, law enforcement officials, the media, businesses, and legislators have constructed online social spaces and, perhaps more importantly, the roles played by adults and children in these spaces.Fisk's research is theoretically robust, drawing upon several authors whose works are relevant to the topics of technology and social control, such as Gilles Deleuze (1992a, 1992b), Michel Foucault (1977, 1978, 1980), and Nikolas Rose (1990) to support its arguments, and its rigorous research methods include quantitative and qualitative data obtained through surveys, focus groups with both students and parents, and interviews with school officials.Throughout Framing Internet Safety, Fisk carefully examines how the conflicting practices and expectations of adults and teenagers lead to misunderstandings and missed opportunities for discussing and improving children's safety.Although the book focuses on the American context, its findings are thought-provoking and should be of interest to anyone who wishes to understand how the Internet changed-or did not change-the way people socialize.
Brent Nellis
Purpose Public service announcements (PSAs) have been shown to be effective instruments that raise awareness, educate society, and change behaviors and attitudes. Many governments and organizations have utilized PSAs on social media to promote online safety among children and youth. However, we have limited understanding of the range of topics that these PSAs address and how they present their content to audiences. This study provides an inventory of the types of online safety topics that current PSAs address and a catalogue of the types of persuasive features employed by PSAs. Design/methodology/approach A content analysis of 220 YouTube PSA videos on online safety was conducted. Various topics under the umbrella of online safety were identified. Guided by the prospect theory and exemplification theory, different persuasive features employed in the PSAs were sought. Findings The findings highlight that the primary focus of these PSAs is on online safety behaviors and general instructions on online hygiene. Interestingly, nearly half of the videos employ a neutral frame, while a significant portion provides no evidential support. Additionally, video length was associated with the number of views and likes it gathered but not with the number of comments. Originality/value The inventory of PSAs can help researchers, practitioners, and policymakers better understand the type of content being produced and disseminated online as well as identify topics that are either over or under-represented. Further, the catalogue of the types of persuasive features employed by PSAs would be helpful in guiding research, practice, and policymaking in the context of creating effective online safety videos.
Liuyu Huang, Dion Hoe‐Lian Goh, Stella Xin Yin
Parents have a great responsibility to protect their children while online, and to make sure that they are using digital technologies in a safe manner; at the same time, parents are not sufficiently educated and are unfamiliar with all regulatory mechanisms and possibilities of controlling and protecting their children online. Children need some help to take advantage of all positive aspects of digital trends and to protect themselves from those which are potentially negative. The international framework in the legal sense, which is in charge of standardizing the protection of the interests and rights of children on the Internet, is put in the focus of the work. It is important to note that the international legal framework is generally valid and binding for the national framework that regulates the same issues in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The aim of this research is to establish how well parents from BiH are acquainted with the Internet-related regulations and the mechanisms for ensuring Internet safety for their children and to what extent these mechanisms are being applied. The results of this research demonstrate that the majority of parents are not sufficiently familiar with the regulatory mechanisms and that they are not using all available tools to protect their children online.
Dragana Trninić, Anđela Kuprešanin Vukelić, Jovana Mlinarević