Abstract We explore the relationship between the internationalisation of production through Global Value Chains and child labour at the sector level, using data from 26 low‐ and middle‐income countries. We find that sectors with stronger participation in foreign markets by exporting inputs to firms that will process them and export them to third countries (forward linkages) exhibit less child labour. However, other forms of participation in foreign markets through gross exports or exports of goods that embed foreign value‐added (backward linkages) are not associated with lower levels of child labour.
Child labour is a global concern that violates the rights of children and impedes their overall development. The practice of employing children in hazardous occupations deprives them of their right to education, jeopardizes their health and well-being, and hinders their ability to break the cycle of poverty. Sivakasi, a town located in the Virudhunagar district of Tamil Nadu, India, has been a focal point for studying child labour due to its prominence in the firecracker and matchstick industries. It should bring effective measures to eliminate child labour. the objectives are To know about child labour and their problems, To understand the child labour rights with reference to Indian constitution, To create awareness about prevent of child labour and To analysis the causes of child labour in Sivakasi. For the purpose of this research, an empirical method was followed and the data was collected through both online and offline survey analysis. The SPSS software by IBM was used to calculate the empirical statistics. The sample size was 200. Dependent variables are child labour still exist in Sivakasi, child labour are mostly working at Sivakasi, child working in hazardous factories is violation of Indian constitution, child labour is prevalent at Sivakasi, government taking several measures for child labour in India. Independent variables are Age, Gender. Various tools like Bar graph were used
The problem of Child labour is a much debated issue. Child are viewed as the most important segment of our society as they are the future torchbearers of the society. However, with the development of industrialization, chronic poverty and illiteracy the problem of child labour has increased manifold. The menace of child labour can be removed our society only if proper implementation of law relating to child labour is made, vigilant civil society reports the cases of child labour to the executive authorities, the causes of the child labour are eliminated from society and judiciary disposes of the cases at the earliest.
This article aims to understand how social and gender norms affect child labour in India, which is mainly defined by a work-hours threshold. It develops a regression model using two datasets – the Indian Human Development Survey 2011/2012 and the World Value Survey India 2012 – to predict child-labour risks based on such norms. The gender and development approach provides a theoretical foundation for applying norms in association with social and gender relations. The results of the regression model have revealed that a norm supportive of women’s work and a benevolent attitude norm help reduce the risk of child labour. In contrast, seclusion norms show an opposite association with child labour. Child-labour practices are varied because agents accept or deny norms as part of the social structure. Our findings confirm that the transformation of restricted norms on gender could help reduce child labour in India.
Child labour remains a persistent global issue, affecting millions of children around the world. This article explores the intricate relationship between child labour, poverty, and illiteracy, highlighting how these interconnected factors perpetuate a cycle of exploitation and deprivation for vulnerable children. By understanding the underlying causes and consequences, policymakers, academics, and activists can work together to develop comprehensive strategies aimed at eradicating child labour and addressing its root causes. This article presents an in-depth analysis of how poverty and illiteracy contribute to the perpetuation of child labour, examining the socio-economic factors, cultural influences, and the role of governments and societies in addressing this pressing concern.
The confusion of domestic laws in integration with international laws, the incorrect implementation of laws, and the economic crisis are among the most important factors of child labour in Iran. Examination of the current situation in Iran is impossible due to a lack of transparency. The first step should be to take control of working conditions. By creating special places to work and implementing measures such as recording information about child labour status and planning to improve children’s health and education, activists can help improve children’s working status.
Mojdeh Pourmohammadgolzarinobar, Behshid Arfania, Maryam Afshari et al.
According to recent estimates, approximately 152 million children were engaged in child labour globally in 2016 (ILO 2017a: 5). There are many forms of children's work, involving different levels of demand and danger. The International Labour Organisation (ILO) defines child labour as work that is detrimental to children, by depriving them of their childhood, their potential and their dignity. Children's work is sometimes distinguished as being hazardous or more benign (e.g., safe and does not undermine schooling), although this distinction is not relevant in all contexts. In some cases, children's work has the potential for both benefit and harm, and assessing harm and benefit in each context may be more useful than applying generalised standards. The worst forms of child labour (as defined by ILO Convention No. 182) are out of scope for this review. In many cases, work interferes with children's formal education by depriving them of the opportunity to attend school; forcing them to drop out prematurely; or requiring them to balance the competing pressures of schooling and work. Since the launch of the global Education for All (EFA) movement, education is often understood to mean formal schooling. However, this definition excludes non-traditional and informal spaces of learning, as well as significant forms of learning that happen in the workplace. Many children's rights organisations and anti-child labour campaigns believe that child labour and education are incompatible, that children's work is an obstacle to EFA, that child labour should be abolished and that education is a key element in its prevention. With regards to hazardous child labour, this view is widely accepted. However, there is a counterview which argues that not all children's work is bad, that children's labour can be compatible with education and learning and that work can actually enable education. This study examines evidence on the links between child labour and education, including the use of education as a tool to bring children out of child labour, poor quality education pushing children out of the classroom and into work, as well as on children who combine work and school. It is one of a two-part series of reports. The second report examines the evidence on short- and long-term impacts of education interventions targeting working children.
Abstract \n\nChildren are future citizens of the Nation and their adequate development is utmost priority of the country. Unfortunately, child labor engulfs children across the world. The world is home to 1.2 billion individuals aged 10-19 years. However, despite its menace in various forms, the data shows variation in prevalence of child labor across the globe and the statistical figures about child labor are very alarming. There are an estimated 186 million child laborers worldwide. The 2001 national census of India estimated total number of child labor aged 5–14 to be at 12.6 million. Small-scale and community-based studies have found estimated prevalence of 12.6 million children engaged in hazardous occupations. Many children are “hidden workers” working in homes or in the underground economy. Present short review article reveals different aspects of it.\n\nKey Words: Child Labour, Indian scenario, adequate development.
Child labour is a deeply rooted issue that has plagued societies throughout history. Child labour has been a persistent issue throughout human history, leaving an indelible mark on societies worldwide. This article delves into the historical origins of child labour, its current prevalence, and potential future scenarios. By understanding the past and present dynamics of child labour, we can strive to shape a future that prioritizes the welfare and rights of children. This article draws on historical accounts, statistical data, and expert opinions to shed light on the multifaceted nature of child labour. Additionally, it explores the efforts made to combat child labour and proposes strategies to create a brighter future, free from exploitation and suffering for young minds.
A review of past studies shows that the studies confine their analysis of trade and child labour in the setting of the trading of homogeneous goods. Hence, the presence study aims to assess the relationship of trade and child labour in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries by incorporating the role of selection of variety or product heterogeneity in child labour demand. In the context of trade in homogeneous and heterogeneous goods, the trade-induced effects are the selection, scale, and technique effects. The panel data analysis is employed to investigate the nexus between trade and child labour over the study period of 1999 to 2019. The results imply that the opening of trade alone will not reduce child labour if it is not accompanied by supportive measures, namely the trade-related effect of child labour, the effect of scale and technique. Therefore, this study suggests that trade liberalization through trade-induced effect would hamper the child labour presence in the emerging markets.
