Children are exposed to digital devices at an early age. This study examines parents’ perception of student digital safety on technology use, time spent, parent concerns and knowledge on various digital safety topics. Through a survey-based study, we analyzed data collected from 113 parents. Parents mentioned that their kids use Internet via tablets and laptops primarily to watch videos, play games, and for schoolwork. Parents were knowledgeable about apps and gaps their children used for education and entertainment. Regarding time limits and restricting access, 40% of parents let their kids online for 1–2 hours in a day and 47% of parents set time limits. Parents are concerned all the time about their child’s digital safety with the biggest concern being their kids being exposed to sexual content and them talking to strangers. Parents perceive themselves to be knowledgeable on most of the digital safety topics discussed in this study. Parents recommend to ensure age restrictions and identity verification when using various websites and games. This study has implications for parents of elementary school children.
Florence Martin, Tuba Gezer, Jimmeka Anderson et al.
Excessive pornography consumption may distort children's and adolescent's perceptions of relationships, intimacy, and body image, fostering unrealistic expectations that contribute to confusion and dissatisfaction. The normalization of such content can also lead to the reinforcement of gender stereotypes and unhealthy views on sex, which may have long-term psychological consequences. This systematic literature review aimed to identify the impact of internet pornography on children and adolescents. The review attained and identified four themes: Showing Emotional and Behavioral Issues, Lacking Parental Engagement in Digital Literacy and Online Safety for Children and Adolescents, Promoting Unhealthy Sexual Behaviors due to Excessive Porn Consumption, and Addressing the Psychological and Developmental Effects of Internet Pornography. Teaching internet literacy and safe online behaviors in schools is critical, as it prepares learners to navigate the digital world responsibly, identify unsafe content, and make educated media consumption decisions. Encouraging participation in extracurricular activities is also healthier as it fosters friendships, teamwork, and a feeling of purpose. When young people are included and valued within an environment, they are less likely to seek approval from pornography, lowering their dependency on explicit content and improving their emotional well-being.
Lee CJ B. Andamon, Ivan Hope O. Bacote, Kaye G. Estampa et al.
One in three Internet users worldwide are children, and yet children are still insufficiently consulted on Internet governance-related matters as well as with respect to safety design decisions in online environments. Following the adoption of the general comment on the application of UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) in digital environments, this article presents the results of empirical research that solicited children’s input on proposed design of artificial intelligence-based interventions into cyberbullying incidents on popular social media platforms. The article presents the results from interviews and focus groups with 12–17-year-old children from Ireland regarding desirability and effectiveness of proposed interventions; as well as how these affect their rights to safety, privacy and freedom of expression.
Tijana Milošević, Kanishk Verma, Samantha L. Vigil et al.
Tablet computers are becoming ubiquitously available at home or school for young children to complement education or entertainment. However, parents of children aged 6-11 often believe that children are too young to face or comprehend online privacy issues, and often take a protective approach to restrict or monitor what children can access online, instead of discussing privacy issues with children. Parents work hard to protect their children's online safety. However, little is known how much parents are aware of the risks associated with the implicit personal data collection by the first- or third-party companies behind the mobile `apps' used by their children, and hence how well parents can safeguard their children from this kind of risks. Parents have always been playing a pivotal role in mitigating children's interactions with digital technologies --- from TV to game consoles, to personal computers --- but the rapidly changing technologies are posing challenges for parents to keep up with. There is a pressing need to understand how much parents are aware of privacy risks concerning the use of tablets and how they are managing them for their primary school-aged young children. At the same time, we must also reach out to the children themselves, who are on the frontline of these technologies, to learn how capable they are to recognise risks and how well they are supported by their parents to cope with these risks. Therefore, in the summer of 2017, we conducted face-to-face interviews with 12 families in Oxfordshire and an online survey with 250 parents. This report summarises our key findings of these two studies.
Abstract Background Urticaria is a condition defined by the development of wheals, angioedema or both. It is classified based on its duration as acute (≤ 6 weeks) or chronic (> 6 weeks). Chronic urticaria is less frequent than acute one in children, but it represents a debilitating condition, always needing treatment. Symptoms affect child’s daily activities and disturb sleeping patterns, causing emotional distress and negatively influencing learning and cognition. Therefore, the management of chronic urticaria must point to a complete control of symptoms, taking into account tolerability and the patient quality of life. Review of literature The recently revised version of EAACI/GA 2 LEN/EDF/WAO guideline on the management of urticaria, in addition to recommending the use of second-generation H 1 antihistamines as the treatment of choice, gives particular attention to their use in the paediatric population. Bilastine has been studied in children; at the dose of 10 mg/once daily, it is licenced for the symptomatic relief of urticaria in children ≥ 6 to 11 years, in the European Union, in appropriate formulation, as oral solution or orodispersible tablet. Conclusions In line with the recent guideline recommendation for the use of second generation H 1 antihistamines in children we have reviewed the safety and tolerability profile of bilastine in children with chronic urticaria.
This paper addresses the problem of children's online safety in the context of the growing digital landscape. With a surge in the use of digital technology among children, there has been an increase in online safety harms, risks and criminal incidents despite existing data protection and online privacy protection regulations. Most general security and privacy assessment approaches/standards focus mainly on protecting businesses from financial loss, but there remains a notable gap in methodologies specifically designed to cater to the unique challenges faced by children in the online space. To fill this gap, we propose a safety risk assessment approach that focuses specifically on children's online safety. The key novelty of our approach is providing an explainable and systematic evaluation of potential safety weaknesses of online services and applications based on precise automated mathematical reasoning. This framework has the potential to assist online service and app designers during the system design phase enabling them to proactively ensure Safety-by-Design, as well as auditors and users to understand the risks posed by existing services/apps, promoting further research on designing age-appropriate warnings and education materials for children and parents.
At the turn of the XX.th-XXI.st century changes accured in production, economy, and society, in which information played the most decisive role. This process has not finished yet, it continues today. Digitalization is embracing every aspects of our lives, rewriting our communication, our learning processes, our work, administration, shopping habits, and human relationships. This continual change at the global level can be traced to the lives of families, to the ever-widening gap between generations, and to the changing situation of children. Nevertheless, it has not avoid the everyday life of educational institutions, too, including more and more challenges to solve and contradictions.
The article aims to uncover security risks that may occur during online learning, as well as preventive measures that can be taken to avoid these threats. This study uses a combination of two methods, namely, web mining and literature review. From the results of web mining, it is found that the website articles have not provided much explanation about efforts to protect against threats on the internet, from the results of the literature review the researchers revealed that several threats that can occur on the internet, namely phishing, scamming, fraud, cyberbullying, viruses, privacy and personal data issues, and obscene or pornographic content. This study also provides three important steps in protecting children from internet threats during online learning, including assistance in accessing internet content, education about internet safety and personal data protection, as well as an introduction to Digital Citizenship and ethics in cyberspace. Keywords: Digital Safety, Online Learning Safety, Digital Citizenship
Dewanto Muhammad Zulqadri, Ali Mustadi, Heri Retnawati
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most common undiagnosed chronic condition in children. Moderate/severe AR symptoms significantly impair quality of life, and cause sleep disruption, absenteeism and decreased productivity. Additionally, untreated AR predisposes children to asthma and other chronic conditions. Although intranasal corticosteroids are the most effective pharmacologic treatment for AR, oral antihistamines are often preferred. First-generation antihistamines may be chosen to relieve AR symptoms as they are inexpensive and widely available; however, they cause sedative and cardiovascular negative effects due to poor receptor selectivity. Therefore, second-generation antihistamines were developed to reduce adverse effects while retaining efficacy. There are fewer clinical trials in children than adults, therefore, efficacy and safety data is limited, particularly in children under 6 years, highlighting the need to generate these data in young children with AR. Fexofenadine, a highly selective second-generation antihistamine, effectively alleviates symptoms of AR, is non-sedating due to decreased blood-brain barrier permeability, and is devoid of cardiovascular side effects. Importantly, fexofenadine relieves the ocular symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis, which occur concomitantly with AR, improving quality of life. Overall, fexofenadine displays a favorable safety profile and results in greater treatment satisfaction in children compared with other second-generation antihistamines. This review aimed to evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of fexofenadine with other available first- and second-generation antihistamines in children with AR.
Eli O. Meltzer, Nelson Augusto Rosário Filho, Hugo Van Bever et al.
Aim/Purpose: Following the widespread use of social networking applications (SNAs) by children, adolescents, and young adults, this paper sought to examine the usage habits, sharing, and dangers involved from the perspective of the children, adolescents, and young adults. The research question was: What are the usage habits, sharing, drawbacks, and dangers of using SNAs from the perspective of children, adolescents, and young adults? Background: Safety has become a major issue and relates to a range of activities including online privacy, cyberbullying, exposure to violent content, exposure to content that foments exclusion and hatred, contact with strangers online, and coarse language. The present study examined the use of social networking applications (SNAs) by children, adolescents, and young adults, from their point of view. Methodology: This is a mixed-method study; 551participants from Israel completed questionnaires, and 110 respondents were also interviewed. Contribution: The study sought to examine from their point of view (a) characteristics of SNA usage; (b) the e-safety of SNA; (c) gender differences between age groups; (d) habits of use; (e) hazards and solutions; and (f) sharing with parents and parental control. Findings: Most respondents stated that cyberbullying (such as shaming) happens mainly between members of the group and it is not carried out by strangers. The study found that children’s awareness of the connection between failures of communication in the SNAs and quarrels and disputes was lower than that of adolescents and young adults. It was found that more children than adolescents and young adults believe that monitoring and external control can prevent the dangers inherent in SNAs, and that the awareness of personal responsibility increases with age. The SNAs have intensified the phenomenon of shaming, but the phenomenon is accurately documented in SNAs, unlike in face-to-face communication. Therefore, today more than ever, it is possible and necessary to deal with shaming, both in face-to-face and in SNA communication. Recommendations for Practitioners: Efforts should be made to resolve the issue of shaming among members of the group and to explain the importance of preserving human dignity and privacy. The Internet in general and SNAs in particular are an integral part of children’s and adolescents’ life environment, so it can be said that the SNAs are part of the problem because they augment shaming. But they can also be part of the solution, because interactions are accurately documented, unlike in face-to-face communication, where it is more difficult to examine events, to remember exactly what has been said, to point out cause and effect, etc. Therefore, more than ever before, today it is possible and necessary to deal with shaming both in face-to-face and in the SNA communication, because from the point of view of youngsters, this is their natural environment, which includes smart phones, SNAs, etc. Recommendations for Researchers: The study recommends incorporating in future studies individual case studies and allowing participants to express how they perceive complex e-Safety situa-tions in the use of social networking apps. Impact on Society: Today more than ever, it is possible and necessary to deal with shaming, both in face-to-face and in SNA communication. Future Research: The study was unable to find significant differences between age groups. Fur-ther research may shed light on the subject.
