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This research aims to obtain empirical data on the effect of reading method and thinking skills toward intelligence language of early childhood. Thus the researchers wanted to investigate the causal relationship between the reading method and thinking skills with the intelligence language of children by giving treatment to the experimental group and compared it with the control group. This study used a treatment design by level 2 x 2 be In the design, each of the independent variables are classified into two sides, includes action variable that is reading methods (A) are classified into the Big Book Methods (A1) and Syllables Method (A2). Whereas moderator variables that is thinking skills (B), are classified based on high and low level into high-level thinking skills (B1) and low-level thinking skills (B2). ANOVA calculation results showed that language skills of children who followed reading activities by using the Big Book method is higher than the language skills of children who attend reading activities by using Syllables method. Thus, there is the effect of the application of the Big Book method and Syllables methods toward language skills of children.
Siti Aisyah
Reducing gender inequality could increase GDP per capita by more than a fourth in Niger by 2030. These significant economic gains would be generated by enabling women to have the same earnings as men and reducing fertility and thereby population growth. Investing in girls’ education and reducing child marriage are critical to achieve these objectives, as are investments to raise women’s participation in the labor force and their productivity at work. While the estimates of the gains presented in this study are meant only to provide orders of magnitude, they suggest that achieving gender equality could have major benefits and should be a top priority for the government. (Niger)
Malawi
Sub-Saharan Africa is becoming more diverse, urbanized, and integrated regionally and globally, bringing the promise of more and better jobs to the continent’s sizable and growing youth population. Realizing this potential requires that young Africans have a solid foundation in basic education and opportunities for many of them to continue beyond basic education. These youths, the continent’s future workforce are essential for countries to tap into the world’s rich accumulation of scientific and technological knowledge for economic and social transformation. This mechanism is so critical that many, if not all, African leaders have increasingly made the building of knowledge capital a centerpiece of their countries’ visions and strategies for development. For the past 25 years, Sub-Saharan Africa has focused on enrolling students in primary school, the first step in developing human capital. How to build Sub-Saharan Africa’s knowledge capital by improving learning outcomes in basic education while expanding access and completion is the focus of this book. It draws lessons from the region and for the region about what works to boost learning and how to better implement what is known to have worked. It also adds to the literature with its extensive new analyses of multiple datasets from the region, integrating findings about children’s learning, access to school, and progress through basic education. (Africa)
The Malawi Economic Monitor (MEM) provides an analysis of economic and structural developmentissues in Malawi. This edition was published in November 2018. It follows seven previous editions of the MEM and is part of an ongoing series, with future editions to follow twice each year.The aim of the publication is to foster better-informed policy analysis and debate regarding the key challenges that Malawi faces in its endeavor to achieve high rates of stable, inclusive andsustainable economic growth. The MEM consists of two parts: Part 1 presents a review of recent economic developments and a macroeconomic outlook. Part 2 focuses on a special topic relevant to Malawi’s development prospects. In this edition, the special topic focuses on ending child marriages and early childbearing as well as improving girls’ level of educational attainment.Despite substantial progress over the last two decades, girls still have lower average levels ofeducational attainment than boys at the secondary level in many countries. This is also the case inMalawi, partly because many girls marry or have children before the age of 18, often before they are physically and emotionally ready to become wives and mothers. Educating girls, ending child marriage, and preventing early childbearing are all essential to ensure that girls have agency, not only as future wives and mothers, but also as productive citizens in a wide range of roles. These are also enablers for countries to achieve their full development potential, which requires the full participation of all citizens to the degree to which they are capable. The failure to empower women to participate therefore represents a lost opportunity. This MEM documents trends in child marriage, early childbearing and girls’ low average levels of educational attainment, with an examination of their impacts on a wide range of development outcomes. It includes estimations of the economic costs of child marriage and proposes a range of policy options to improve opportunities for adolescent girls. (Malawi)
During the 2000s, Bangladesh observed rapid growth in female labor force participation (LFP), potentially reflecting increased employability of females as female education attainment catches up with their male counterparts. However, only a small share of the labor force comprises of skilled female workers; the reality is that most women are still unable to complete the level of secondary and post-secondary education necessary to obtain decent work and actualize improved livelihood outcomes. As a result, even though Bangladesh has observed gender parity in enrolment in early grades, the lack of improvements in secondary school completion continues to inhibit opportunities for improved labor market outcomes for the majority of the country's female population. This report aims to take stock of the education outcomes realized by Bangladeshi children and youth, particularly females, and analyze the extent to which public investments in female education have succeeded in actualizing the desired medium-to-long term outcomes and results of said investments. The remainder of the report is organized as follows: Chapter 2 describes current policies and identifies gaps in policy formulation in the view of ever changing environment; Chapter 3 analyzes the current state of education, focusing on gender-centric accomplishments and existing drawbacks to universal enrolment and grade completion; Chapter 4 explores the various roles that economic, social and institutional factors play in explaining current gender-centric trends in education uptake and actualizing the benefit of gender parity; and Chapter 5 concludes this report and highlights the key findings and related policy recommendations. (Bangladesh)
The authors evaluate an intervention to raise young women’s economic empowerment in Sierra Leone, where women frequently experience sexual violence and face multiple economic disadvantages. The intervention provides them with a protective space (a club) where they can find support, receive information on health or reproductive issues and vocational training. Unexpectedly, the post-baseline period coincided with the 2014 Ebola outbreak. Our analysis documents the impact of the Ebola outbreak on the economic lives of 4,700 women tracked over the crisis, and any ameliorating role played by the intervention. In highly disrupted control villages, the crisis leads younger girls to spend significantly more time with men, out-of-wedlock pregnancies rise, and as a result, they experience a persistent 16pp drop in school enrolment post-crisis. These adverse effects are almost entirely reversed in treated villages because the intervention enables young girls to allocate time away from men, preventing out-of-wedlock pregnancies and enabling them to re-enroll in school post-crisis. In treated villages, the unavailability of young women leads some older girls to use transactional sex as a coping strategy. The intervention causes them to increase contraceptive use so this does not translate into higher fertility. (Africa)
Burkina Faso
China