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16,487 reports · page 1183 of 1649
The importance of childhood in its ideological and institutional complexity, set in the realities of children without “normal” families, is the study of this subtle, rich, and thorough ethnography ...
Merry White
This study tests an ecological, relationship-based model of children's subjective well-being with 9- to 14-year-old children (n = 25,906) from 14 countries across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. Children completed the Children's Worlds survey, a self-report measure of contextual and well-being indicators. Multilevel modeling was used to predict children's well-being (life satisfaction and self-image) at two levels, child (age, gender, home context, family relationships, peer relationships, school context, teacher relationships, and neighborhood quality), and country (gross domestic product and income inequality). Findings indicated that intercepts varied significantly across countries. The majority of variance in children's well-being was attributed to child-level rather than country-level factors. Country-level factors did not strongly predict well-being but marginally improved model fit.
Lisa A. Newland, Jarod T. Giger, Michael J Lawler et al.
Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often report poor psychological well-being, including a high level of parenting stress and depressive symptoms. Little is known about the extent to which poor parent psychological well-being alters the emotional quality of the parent-child relationship in a context of child ASD. This study examined the association between actor (one's own) and partner (one's partner's) level of parenting stress and depressive symptoms and the emotional quality of the parent-child relationship using a Five Minute Speech Sample (FMSS) in 150 families of children with ASD, aged 5-12 years (85.7% male). Mothers and fathers were aged 38.69 (SD = 5.62) and 40.76 (SD = 6.19), respectively; 76% of mothers and 68% of fathers had a college degree. Structural equation modeling, using Analysis of Moment Structures software, was used to test Actor-Partner Interdependence Models. Results indicated that mother's level of parenting stress and depressive symptoms were associated with her own FMSS Warmth and Criticism toward the child with ASD 12 months later in negative and positive directions. Mother's level of parenting stress was also negatively associated with father's FMSS Warmth toward the child with ASD 12 months later. Finally, father's level of parenting stress was positively associated with his FMSS Criticism toward the child with ASD. Overall, findings indicate that the mother-child and father-child relationship are both impacted by parent psychological well-being in families of children with ASD; however, actor effects are stronger for mothers and partner effects were only found for fathers. Implications for interventions are discussed.
Emily Hickey, Sigan L. Hartley, Lauren M. Papp
Background: Working with victims and offenders of child abuse can impact on the health and well-being of police officers and staff. Aims: To identify the effects of tenure, work ability, gender and a personal experience of child abuse on symptoms of anxiety, depression and primary and secondary trauma in child abuse investigators (CAIs). Methods: Screening questionnaires were sent to police officers and staff. The officers and staff worked in child protection in seven police forces. The surveillance was undertaken online and the data were encrypted and personal identifiers removed. The four clinical measures were Goldberg Anxiety/Depression Scale, Professional Quality of Life and Impact of Events (extended). Results: Eighty-two per cent of 2798 CAIs returned questionnaires. There was a statistically significant relationship between all four clinical symptoms and workability (P < 0.001), between tenure and primary trauma (P < 0.01) and between anxiety, depression, primary trauma and workability and adverse childhood experience (ACE) scores (P < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that workability, tenure and ACE scores explained between 12 and 23% of the variance. There were gender differences with women having higher levels of symptoms; however, the effect size and clinical significance were negligible for all but the primary trauma scores. Conclusions: Psychological surveillance can provide an important source of evidence for occupational health practitioners working with CAIs in informing them of the factors which could be considered in selecting, training, supporting and retaining officers and staff. Psychological surveillance can also help police management to identify ways to monitor the long-term effectiveness and well-being of CAIs.
Noreen Tehrani
This study sought to understand the relationships between neighborhood poverty, family monetary well-being, and child maltreatment. The specific research questions were as follows: (1) Is neighborhood poverty at age 1 related to child physical abuse, psychological abuse, and neglect at age 5? (2) Are these relationships mediated by family monetary well-being? The study relied on data from three waves (child ages 1, 3, and 5) of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal birth-cohort study of 4,898 children from 20 large U.S. cities. Structural equation modeling was employed to examine mediational effects. The study found a lasting impact of neighborhood poverty on child neglect only, and this relationship was fully mediated by family monetary well-being. There was not a significant longitudinal relationship between neighborhood poverty and physical abuse or psychological abuse. Implications from the study suggest that neighborhood disadvantage impacts a families' economic well-being, and that individual-level economic supports may interrupt the pathway from neighborhood poverty to child neglect.
Kathryn Maguire‐Jack, Kierra M. P. Sattler
In 2017 the CSDA released a research report entitled "Family Contexts, the Child Support Grant, and Child Well-Being Outcomes" which included analysis of the NIDS 2008 data focusing on children under the age of 8 years old who received a CSG. This study builds on the earlier one. However, instead of the cross-sectional snapshot analysis, it investigates the situation for the same children nine years later, as reflected in the 2017 NIDS survey. In addition to the descriptive analysis of child recipients of the CSG provided in the earlier study, this new study explores the extent to which there are differences in outcomes between children who receive and do not receive the grant but are comparable in other respects. It also explores the extent to which the status of individual children changes between 2008 and 2017 in respect of receipt of the CSG i.e. to what extent children who were receiving the CSG in 2008 are no longer receiving it in 2017 and vice versa. This question is important as one would expect the impact to differ depending on the length of time over which the CSG was received.
Debbie Budlender
Abstract Few qualitative studies on parental perceptions of sleep interventions have been conducted, and little is known about parents’ subjective well-being in this context. This study explored parental experiences of subjective well-being when implementing child sleep interventions. Ten parents who approached a sleep consultancy for assistance with their children’s sleep problems participated in this qualitative study. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and results were analysed thematically. Three key themes were identified: (1) parents as experts, (2) sleep interventions as a team effort, and (3) improvements in well-being are multifaceted. Findings indicate that parental well-being during sleep interventions may be influenced by their knowledge and beliefs, and participants highlighted a need for additional support, including peer support. Parent’s perceptions of subjective well-being in the context of behavioural sleep interventions may influence program adherence and completion. Parents may experience improvements in well-being after the intervention, attributable to enhanced routine, child well-being and improved sleep. The findings from this study may assist practitioners to develop more tailored interventions, subsequently minimizing parental distress during intervention implementation.
Jacomien Muller, Tharina Guse
Limited research on parental well‐being by child age suggests that parents are better off with very young children despite intense time demands of caring for them. This study uses the American Time Use Survey Well‐Being Module (N = 18,124) to assess how parents feel in activities with children of different ages. Results show that parents are worse off with adolescent children relative to young children. Parents report the lowest levels of happiness with adolescents relative to younger children, and mothers report more stress and less meaning with adolescents. Controlling for contextual features of parenting including activity type, solo parenting, and restorative time does not fully account for the adolescent disadvantage in fathers' happiness or mothers' stress. This study highlights adolescence as a particularly difficult stage for parental well‐being and shows that mothers shoulder stress that fathers do not, even after accounting for differences in the context of their parenting activities.
Ann Meier, Kelly Musick, Jocelyn Fischer et al.
Families exist everywhere in the world to bear and rear children, to care for and protect vulnerable members during old age, illness, and misfortune, and to meet our relational needs. They are the bedrock of cultural traditions, norms and values, and behaviour patterns transmitted from one generation to the next. Our whole lives are spent in close interaction with family members and, as such, families play a critical role in our mental and physical well-being at all ages, but especially in the formative development period of childhood and adolescence. We begin here by describing the various forms that families can take, the central role families play in children's health and well-being, the ways in which dysfunction in the family can have long-lasting effects on mental health and well-being, and what is necessary to support families to best provide nurturing care. While families are universal, they are not uniform with respect to size, gender, age groups or even whether they are based on biological or social connections. Together, these characteristics define family form - the shape, composition and structure of a family unit. For the purposes of this chapter, we consider a family to be a single individual or group of individuals related to each other either socially or biologically, with at least one child in the family unit. Globally, families are becoming smaller with fewer children, generally leading to more investment in the health and education of each individual child, a long-standing trend beginning in the late 1800s described in Viviana's Zelizer's book, Pricing the Priceless Child: The Social Values of Children.
Human Sciences Research Council
The study investigated the perceived influence of the physical environment of the family on the well- being of the Nigerian child, it adopted a psychological survey design, with a population of eleven thousand, two hundred and sixty four students (11, 264), while two hundred students who were randomly selected constituted the sample of the study. The instrument of the study is a researcher made questionnaire titled “Perceived Influence of Family Environment on Well Being of the Nigerian Child” (PIFPEWNC) which was validated by two experts. It was subjected to a test retest method within two weeks using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Statistic and a reality coefficient of 0.89 was obtained. The instrument has a four point Likert scale with fifteen items having 2.5 as its decision point. Data collected was analyzed using mean statistics. The rated score of each item was cumulatively added as cumulative weight score. The finding showed that abuse is an integral part of the family psychological environment and is detrimental to the development and well- being of children. Based on the findings it was recommended among others that public awareness should be made in the society to enlighten people on abuse as there is more to it and it is more than only physical abuse.
Ndidiamaka Rosekate Uwazurike, Ijeoma C Ajileye, Charles O.C Onwubiko
