Stunting is a linear growth disorder caused by malnutrition and recurrent infections. Prevention is through the Nurturing Care Framework (NCF) approach, which includes health care, adequate nutrition, responsive care, early learning opportunities, and safety and security. This study aims to analyze the relationship between NCF-based parenting risk factors and stunting among toddlers in the Pagambiran Padang Community Health Center (Puskesmas) work area. This study was analytical with a cross-sectional design, conducted from June 2024 to January 2025. Sampling used stratified random sampling and simple random sampling, totaling 214 toddlers aged 24-59 months. Data collection used a questionnaire and was analyzed using univariate, bivariate (chi-square), and multivariate (multiple logistic regression with the backward elimination method). The results showed a stunting prevalence of 43.9%. Parenting patterns using the NCF (composite) approach were less than good at 55.1%. Multivariate analysis showed that risk factors significantly associated with stunting were health care (p=0.011), adequate nutrition (p=0.000), and safety and security (p=0.023). Adequate nutrition was the dominant factor (OR=8.602). Meanwhile, early stimulation and responsive parenting did not show a significant relationship. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between health care, adequate nutrition, and safety and security with stunting. Adequate nutrition is the dominant factor. Cross-sectoral collaboration is expected to address nutritional issues, provide basic health services, monitor growth and development, and implement a healthy environment based on the National Child Protection Framework (NCF).
Fenni Amilia, Masrul Masrul, Yusrawati Yusrawati et al.
The routine of the dental profession exposes dentists not only to medical challenges but also to ethical and legal ones. Compared to other physicians, dentists are more likely to encounter children who are victims of domestic violence. This reality exposes them to legal liability due to the reporting obligations and the risk of misdiagnosing injuries. This paper aims to examine the importance of dentists in diagnosing injuries to children caused by domestic violence and the inherent dangers of failing to make such a diagnosis.
Background/purpose.Globally, early childhood care and education (ECCE) has become a national priority.In addition to fostering physical, emotional, social, and cognitive development, nurturing care in disability-inclusive ECCE helps shield young children from the harshest consequences of hardship.The purpose of this study was to examine the main difficulties in providing nurturing care in disability-inclusive ECCE.Materials/methods.A collective case study design served as the foundation for this qualitative study.A purposeful sample of 25 participants was selected.Focus groups and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data.Data was analysed in several stages using content analysis.Results.The findings showed that nurturing care was inadequately addressed, even when disability-inclusive ECCE was offered.In ECCE programmes, there were no effective inclusive practices to help children with disabilities reach their full potential.Conclusion.It was concluded that ECCE for children with disabilities was provided in a challenging environment that required immediate interventions.To make disability-inclusive ECCE a feasible procedure, school administration and other stakeholders should overcome the obstacles to nurturing care.
Reports from legal aid organizations show signs of physical violence which should be a major concern in the investigation, but these appear to be ignored in the authorities' official reports. The research aims to examine the procedural law violations committed by police officers in cases of violence against children outside the investigation process. This study uses a normative juridical approach with an analysis of the murder case of Afif Maulana as the main illustration. The results show several serious violations of legal procedures that negatively impact the transparency and accountability of investigations. Violence by police officers against children also violates various national and international regulations on child protection. These violations significantly affect the psychological condition of children and cause deep trauma. This research emphasizes the importance of reforming Indonesia's judicial and law enforcement systems to ensure better protection for children in conflict with the law. Keywords: Violence; children; investigation; police
Ulil Amri, Ismail Iskandar, Muh Abi Dzarr Al-Ghiffariy
Introduction: The Healthy Pregnancy, Healthy Baby study (HPHB) augments a routine service (pregnancy ultrasound) with information about fetal and infant development and the importance of parent wellbeing and infant care, to assess whether it will improve child development and growth, parent-infant attachment, parental wellbeing and routine clinic attendance. This paper outlines the process of intervention development and implementation in a complex environment with multiple stakeholders. Methods: Study participants were recruited from pregnant women attending fetal ultrasound (US) at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital (CHBH), Soweto, South Africa. Partners were invited to attend all sessions. The HPHB intervention, a novel combination of a health and a parenting intervention that augments a routine service (US), is being tested through a randomized controlled trial with outcome assessments at 6 weeks and 6 months follow-up. The current study outlines the process of moving from intervention design to full implementation in a high-risk clinical setting. Results: Formative research informed the design and content of the intervention materials. Implementation is monitored through weekly reports and team meetings as well as formal and informal feedback received from staff and participants. Close collaborations with clinicians enhanced recruitment practices and provided clinical oversight of the trial procedures. Ongoing stakeholder engagement informed intervention procedures and strategies to address challenges that arise during implementation. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of dynamic, inclusive and interactive approaches to intervention development and implementation, as well as the purposeful use of varied information from diverse sources in decision-making for effective implementation.
Wiedaad Slemming, Roisin E. Drysdale, Linda Richter
Abstract Objectives: to analyze differences between violence against children and adolescents according to characteristics of cases, probable perpetrators, occurrences and typologies and compare their temporal and spatial distributions. Methods: data were collected from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), Maranhão, from 2009-2019. Results: 4,457 notifications of violence against children and 5,826 against adolescents were analyzed. In the 11 years investigated, violence against children was more frequent in 2015 and 2016 and in five of the 19 Maranhão Health Regions. Violence against males was more frequent in childhood and against females prevailed mostly in adolescence (p<0.001). While mothers (p<0.001), fathers (p=0.029) and caregivers (p<0.001) were most frequently accused of violence against children, friends/ acquaintances (p<0.001), spouses/boyfriends/girlfriends (p<0.001) and strangers (p<0.001) mainly assaulted adolescents. Violence motivated by sexism (p=0.006), generational conflict (p<0.001), street situation (p=0.002) and disability (p=0.035) were more frequent in adolescence. Physical (p<0.001), sexual (p<0.001) and psychological/moral (p<0.001) violence, torture (p<0.001) and self-aggression (p<0.001) were most commonly reported in adolescence and neglect/abandonment predominated was mostly reported against children (p<0.001). Conclusions: violence against children and adolescents residing in the state of Maranhão and notified in SINAN were distinct phenomena in relation to the characteristics of cases, probable authors, occurrences, and typologies.
Vitória Evelen Oliveira Silva, Marizélia Rodrigues Costa Ribeiro, Márcio Thadeu Silva Marques et al.
Background Violence against children affects over one billion children globally. International organisations promote parenting interventions as a main strategy to reduce violence against children. Parenting interventions have therefore been implemented rapidly across the globe. Yet, evidence for their longer-term effects remains unclear. We integrated global evidence to estimate effects over time of parenting interventions to reduce physical and emotional violence against children. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched 26 databases and trial registries (14 non-English: Spanish, Chinese, Farsi, Russian, Thai) and conducted an extensive grey literature search up to August 01, 2022. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of parenting interventions based on social learning theory for parents of children aged 2–10 years, without time or context restrictions. We critically appraised studies using Cochrane's Risk of Bias Tool. Data were synthesised using robust variance estimation meta-analyses. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42019141844. Findings We screened 44,411 records and included 346 RCTs. Sixty RCTs reported outcomes on physical or emotional violence. Trials were distributed across 22 countries (22% LMICs). Risk of bias was high for various domains. Outcome data ranged from 0 weeks to 2 years after the intervention, and was largely based on parent self-report. Parenting interventions reduced physical and emotional violent parenting behaviours immediately after the intervention (n = 42, k = 59; d = −0.46; 95% CI: −0.59, −0.33), at 1–6 months follow-up (n = 18, k = 31; d = −0.24; 95% CI: −0.37, −0.11) and at 7–24 months follow-up (n = 12, k = 19; d = −0.18; 95% CI: −0.34, −0.02), but effects were smaller over time. Interpretation Our findings suggest that parenting interventions can reduce physical and emotional violence against children. Effects are maintained up to 24 months follow-up, but with diminished effect sizes. With global policy interest and imminent importance, research beyond 2 years and how effects can be better sustained over time is urgently needed. Funding Student scholarship from the Economic Social Research Council, Clarendon, and Wolfson Isaiah Berlin Fund.
Sophia Backhaus, Patty H. O. Leijten, Janina Jochim et al.
Stunting refers to a condition of chronic undernutrition in which a child's height-for-age (HAZ) falls more than two standard deviations below the WHO reference median. In 2024, Enrekang Regency reported a stunting prevalence of 34.3%, the second-highest figure in South Sulawesi Province. This research set out to examine how three dimensions of maternal caregiving—exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and household sanitation—relate to stunting among toddlers within the coverage area of Puskesmas Maiwa, Enrekang Regency. A cross-sectional quantitative design was applied, drawing 93 respondents through simple random sampling, with binary logistic regression used for data analysis. Findings indicated that exclusive breastfeeding was significantly related to stunting status (p=0.002; OR=11.058), while inappropriate complementary feeding emerged as the strongest predictor (p=0.000; OR=37.414); sanitation, by contrast, showed no significant association (p=0.675). Together, the three variables accounted for 68.7% of the variance in stunting occurrence (Nagelkerke R² = 0.687). Based on these results, efforts to prevent stunting in the area should give priority to maternal education on proper breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices.
Vivi Nur Afiah Muchlis, Pratiwi Ramlan, Zulkarnaim Sulaiman et al.
Abstract Objective. To know the perception of health, education and social service professionals about the records and notifications of violence against children and adolescents, carried out in a municipality in the south of Brazil.Methods. This is an exploratory, descriptive, and qualitative approach, specifically developed in places that integrate children and adolescents victims of violence. Ten professionals participated, including three nurses, one doctor, two social workers, two psychologists, one tutor, and one educator. Data collection was performed through a semi-structured interview. The statements were submitted to discursive textual analysis.Results. The analysis showed that the act of recording and reporting violence against children and adolescents is still not a routine practice for health professionals. The registration and formal communication of the information should be considered as a priority; however, the results showed that the protection of the victim seems to overlap with the registry. The study identified important elements in strategies for coping with violence against children and adolescents: centralization of notifications in a single service; creation of a notification flow; existence of an advisory team to deal with cases of violence; and completion of compulsory notification by education and social assistance professionals.Conclusion. For the professionals, the routine attendance of situations involving violence, but not formalized through the notification form, has contributed to the underreporting and invisibility of the cases.Descriptors: nursing; domestic violence; child advocacy; mandatory reporting; registries.How to cite this article: Silva PA, Lunardi VL, Meucci RD, Algeri S, Silva MP, Franciscatto FP. (In) visibility of notifications of violence against children and adolescents registered in a municipality in southern Brazil. Invest. Educ. Enferm. 2019; 37(2):e11.ReferencesCovell, K; Becker JO, NGO Advisory Council for Follow-up to the UN Study on Violence against Children. Five years on: a global update on violence against children [Internet]. 2011 [Cited 11 Feb 2018]. Available from: http://resourcecentre.savethechildren.se/sites/default/files/documents/5085.pdf. Viola TW, Salum GA, Kluwe-Schiavon B, Sanvicente-Vieira B, Levandowsky ML, Grassi-Oliveira R. The influence of geographical and economic factors in estimates of childhood abuse and neglect using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire: A worldwide meta-regression analysis. Child Abuse Neglect. 2016; 51(1):1-11. Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Portaria nº 1271, de 6 de junho de 2014. 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Priscila Arruda da Silva, Valéria Lerch Lunardi, Rodrigo Dalke Meucci et al.
Baby schema features are a specific set of physical features-including chubby cheeks, large, low-set eyes, and a large, round head-that have evolutionary adaptive value in their ability to trigger nurturant care. In this study among nulliparous women (N = 81; M age = 23.60, SD = 0.44), we examined how sensitivity to these baby schema features differs based on individual variations in nurturant care motivation and oxytocin system gene methylation. We integrated subjective ratings with measures of facial expressions and electroencephalography (EEG) in response to infant faces that were manipulated to contain more or less pronounced baby schema features. Linear mixed effects analyses demonstrated that infants with more pronounced baby schema features were rated as cuter and participants indicated greater motivation to take care of them. Furthermore, infants with more pronounced baby schema features elicited stronger smiling responses and enhanced P2 and LPP amplitudes compared to infants with less pronounced baby schema features. Importantly, individual differences significantly predicted baby schema effects. Specifically, women with low OXTR methylation and high nurturance motivation showed enhanced differentiation in automatic neurophysiological responses to infants with high and low levels of baby schema features. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual differences in continued research to further understand the complexities of sensitivity to child cues, including facial features, which will improve our understanding of the intricate neurobiological system that forms the basis of caregiving behavior.
Hannah Spencer, Franca H. Parianen Lesemann, Renate S. M. Buisman et al.
