At the turn of the XX.th-XXI.st century changes accured in production, economy, and society, in which information played the most decisive role. This process has not finished yet, it continues today. Digitalization is embracing every aspects of our lives, rewriting our communication, our learning processes, our work, administration, shopping habits, and human relationships. This continual change at the global level can be traced to the lives of families, to the ever-widening gap between generations, and to the changing situation of children. Nevertheless, it has not avoid the everyday life of educational institutions, too, including more and more challenges to solve and contradictions.
The article aims to uncover security risks that may occur during online learning, as well as preventive measures that can be taken to avoid these threats. This study uses a combination of two methods, namely, web mining and literature review. From the results of web mining, it is found that the website articles have not provided much explanation about efforts to protect against threats on the internet, from the results of the literature review the researchers revealed that several threats that can occur on the internet, namely phishing, scamming, fraud, cyberbullying, viruses, privacy and personal data issues, and obscene or pornographic content. This study also provides three important steps in protecting children from internet threats during online learning, including assistance in accessing internet content, education about internet safety and personal data protection, as well as an introduction to Digital Citizenship and ethics in cyberspace. Keywords: Digital Safety, Online Learning Safety, Digital Citizenship
Dewanto Muhammad Zulqadri, Ali Mustadi, Heri Retnawati
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most common undiagnosed chronic condition in children. Moderate/severe AR symptoms significantly impair quality of life, and cause sleep disruption, absenteeism and decreased productivity. Additionally, untreated AR predisposes children to asthma and other chronic conditions. Although intranasal corticosteroids are the most effective pharmacologic treatment for AR, oral antihistamines are often preferred. First-generation antihistamines may be chosen to relieve AR symptoms as they are inexpensive and widely available; however, they cause sedative and cardiovascular negative effects due to poor receptor selectivity. Therefore, second-generation antihistamines were developed to reduce adverse effects while retaining efficacy. There are fewer clinical trials in children than adults, therefore, efficacy and safety data is limited, particularly in children under 6 years, highlighting the need to generate these data in young children with AR. Fexofenadine, a highly selective second-generation antihistamine, effectively alleviates symptoms of AR, is non-sedating due to decreased blood-brain barrier permeability, and is devoid of cardiovascular side effects. Importantly, fexofenadine relieves the ocular symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis, which occur concomitantly with AR, improving quality of life. Overall, fexofenadine displays a favorable safety profile and results in greater treatment satisfaction in children compared with other second-generation antihistamines. This review aimed to evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of fexofenadine with other available first- and second-generation antihistamines in children with AR.
Eli O. Meltzer, Nelson Augusto Rosário Filho, Hugo Van Bever et al.
Aim/Purpose: Following the widespread use of social networking applications (SNAs) by children, adolescents, and young adults, this paper sought to examine the usage habits, sharing, and dangers involved from the perspective of the children, adolescents, and young adults. The research question was: What are the usage habits, sharing, drawbacks, and dangers of using SNAs from the perspective of children, adolescents, and young adults? Background: Safety has become a major issue and relates to a range of activities including online privacy, cyberbullying, exposure to violent content, exposure to content that foments exclusion and hatred, contact with strangers online, and coarse language. The present study examined the use of social networking applications (SNAs) by children, adolescents, and young adults, from their point of view. Methodology: This is a mixed-method study; 551participants from Israel completed questionnaires, and 110 respondents were also interviewed. Contribution: The study sought to examine from their point of view (a) characteristics of SNA usage; (b) the e-safety of SNA; (c) gender differences between age groups; (d) habits of use; (e) hazards and solutions; and (f) sharing with parents and parental control. Findings: Most respondents stated that cyberbullying (such as shaming) happens mainly between members of the group and it is not carried out by strangers. The study found that children’s awareness of the connection between failures of communication in the SNAs and quarrels and disputes was lower than that of adolescents and young adults. It was found that more children than adolescents and young adults believe that monitoring and external control can prevent the dangers inherent in SNAs, and that the awareness of personal responsibility increases with age. The SNAs have intensified the phenomenon of shaming, but the phenomenon is accurately documented in SNAs, unlike in face-to-face communication. Therefore, today more than ever, it is possible and necessary to deal with shaming, both in face-to-face and in SNA communication. Recommendations for Practitioners: Efforts should be made to resolve the issue of shaming among members of the group and to explain the importance of preserving human dignity and privacy. The Internet in general and SNAs in particular are an integral part of children’s and adolescents’ life environment, so it can be said that the SNAs are part of the problem because they augment shaming. But they can also be part of the solution, because interactions are accurately documented, unlike in face-to-face communication, where it is more difficult to examine events, to remember exactly what has been said, to point out cause and effect, etc. Therefore, more than ever before, today it is possible and necessary to deal with shaming both in face-to-face and in the SNA communication, because from the point of view of youngsters, this is their natural environment, which includes smart phones, SNAs, etc. Recommendations for Researchers: The study recommends incorporating in future studies individual case studies and allowing participants to express how they perceive complex e-Safety situa-tions in the use of social networking apps. Impact on Society: Today more than ever, it is possible and necessary to deal with shaming, both in face-to-face and in SNA communication. Future Research: The study was unable to find significant differences between age groups. Fur-ther research may shed light on the subject.
Digital safety is a branch of cyber security that deals with people and the levels of online comfort, convenience, and privacy. It may be regarded as the act of staying safer online. This includes being aware of the risks associated with your online activity and avoiding being exposed to unwanted information, materials, or risks on the Internet that might harm one’s devices. The Internet can be a risky place for children and their parents should have strategies for protecting them. This paper provides an introduction to digital security.
Matthew N. O. Sadiku, Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu, Abayomi J. Ajayi-Majebi et al.
Despite the increased use of medical cannabinoids, the efficacy and safety of the treatment among children remain uncertain. The objective was to study the efficacy and safety of medical cannabinoids in children. The search included studies through 11-May-2020. Selection criteria included studies evaluating efficacy and safety outcomes of medical cannabinoids (tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and other cannabis derivatives) versus control in children, independently assessed by two reviewers. Eight studies were included, all of which are randomized controlled trials. Cannabidiol is associated with 50% reduction in seizures rate (Relative Risk (RR) = 1.69, 95% CI [1.20-2.36]) and caregiver global impression of change (Median Estimated difference = (- 1), 95%CI [- 1.39-(- 0.60)]) in Dravet syndrome, compared to placebo. While cannabidiol was associated with a reduction in reported seizure events (RR = 0.59, 95% CI [0.36-0.97]), no association was found in products contained also tetrahydrocannabinol (RR = 1.35, 95% CI [0.46-4.03]). Higher dose of cannabidiol was associated with decreased appetite (RR = 2.40, 95% CI [1.39-4.15]). A qualitative assessment suggests that medical cannabinoids might be associated with adverse mental events. In conclusion, cannabidiol is associated with clinical improvement in Dravet syndrome. However, cannabidiol is also associated with decreased appetite. Adverse mental events were reported as well, however, more research should be performed to assess well this outcome.
This research examines how caseworkers collaborate with foster families to address adolescent online safety. We interviewed 32 caseworkers who worked with teens (ages 13-17) in foster care within the past 5 years. Using thematic analysis, we found that case managers are most concerned about sexual-related risks that result in physical abuse (e.g., sex trafficking) or online interactions that facilitated offline risks (e.g., runaway, illegal drug activity), rather than risks that only manifested in virtual spaces. Yet, inadequate training and insufficient support left caseworkers at a loss for how to address these challenges on top of their already heavy caseloads, often making online safety an afterthought. We call on the foster care system to place a higher priority in providing collaborative and socio-technical ecological support for caseworkers, foster parents, and children, so that early risk prevention in online spaces can support the safety and well-being of foster youth offline.
Karla A. Badillo-Urquiola, Zainab Agha, Denielle Abaquita et al.
In October, 2023, the UK Online Safety Act was passed. It intends to tackle harmful online content through increased enforcement by the UK communications regulator, Ofcom, and places legal responsibility on technology companies to prevent and remove such content. The aims of the Act are in line with Goal 3 of the UNICEF strategic plan for 2022–25, which envisages that every child and adolescent is protected from violence, exploitation, and abuse. In the UK, several high-profile failings, including the role social media platforms played in the suicide of a British teenager, have demonstrated that online safety for children needs to be treated as an immediate priority.
As children and teenagers spend increasingly more time online, digital devices have become a major source of family friction. Disagreements frequently arise over privacy boundaries, and online activities. When these conflicts are unresolved, they often lead to broken trust and secretive behavior, leaving children vulnerable to digital harms like cyberbullying, toxic content, or account hacking. Therefore, it is important to create a safe and open environment for children where in order for them to share their feelings with parents. This dissertation investigates the human and technological dynamics of parent-child interactions, developing new ways to support collaborative conflict resolution and online safety through four distinct research phases. The first phase explores how to empower young children with digital safety skills. By using relatable digital storytelling, this research shows how abstract concepts like password security can be transformed into engaging, everyday habits. The second phase investigates how parents and teenagers conceptualize a “safe space”, and highlights the communication gap between a parent’s intent and a teen’s need for privacy, identifying the mechanisms required to facilitate open communication about online risks, particularly those involving social media friends. The third phase focuses on designing and evaluating technological tools to de-escalate parent-child conflict, and regulate emotions. The study shows that design features supporting privacy negotiation, designated downtime for emotional regulation, and structured feedback fosters healthy conflict management. The fourth phase explores the emerging role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in helping parents navigate emotionally-charged moments with their teenager in the realm of conflict management. This research highlights the key tension centered on whether AI can reliably support conflict management while preserving genuineness of the parent-child interaction. Together, these studies offer various design implications and empirical insights. By shifting the focus from monitoring to empowerment and emotional support, this research provides a roadmap for designing technology that helps families manage conflicts, and safely navigate the digital world together.
We can say that now social media is at the peak of its capabilities. But you need to remember that social media has both a positive side and a negative one. This issue is particularly acute when it comes to vulnerable sections of society, such as children and adolescents. UNICEF researchers cite statistics that every year 175,000 children find themselves on the Internet for the first time. At the moment, it is known that every third Internet user is a child. Despite this, we cannot fully ensure their safety. The issue of quality online content also remains relevant. In this regard, one of the main problems in the development of social media is cyberbullying.
