Peer-reviewed article
Association between Authoritative Parenting Style and Caregiver Stimulation among Preschool-Aged Children in Indonesia
Yuri Nurdiantami, Hilda Meriyandah Agil, Smarika Shrestha, Xiang Li, Tokie Anme ·
Summary
Written by AI, not yet AICS's view · claude-haiku-4-5-20251001This study examined whether authoritative parenting style is associated with caregivers providing more stimulation to preschool-aged children in Jakarta, Indonesia. Researchers surveyed 382 parents of children aged 3 to 6 years using questionnaires about parenting style and the home learning environment. Children whose parents used an authoritative parenting style were significantly more likely to receive adequate stimulation from caregivers. The study suggests that parenting approaches matter for early childhood development.
Key points
- Authoritative parenting style was significantly associated with higher odds of sufficient caregiver stimulation (adjusted OR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.40–4.88; p < 0.005)
- Study included 382 parents of children aged 3 to 6 years in Jakarta kindergartens
- Mean child age was 60.4 months (SD = 13.87), with 50.5% boys
- Analysis adjusted for parent working status, parent age, parent gender, and number of children in household
- Nurturing care within the home environment is fundamental to early childhood development
Limitations
This is a cross-sectional study, so it cannot establish causation—it is unclear whether authoritative parenting leads to more stimulation or whether parents who provide stimulation naturally adopt authoritative styles. The study only includes families in Jakarta with children in kindergartens, which may not represent all Indonesian families or younger preschool-aged children.
Abstract
Background: Nurturing care within the home environment is fundamental to early childhood development. Parenting style may influence caregiver-provided stimulation, a key component of nurturing care. This study aimed to examine the association between authoritative parenting style and caregiver stimulation as forms of nurturing care among Indonesian preschool-age children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 among 382 parents of children aged 3 to 6 years enrolled in kindergartens in Jakarta. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires, including the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) and the Index of Child Care Environment (ICCE). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between authoritative parenting style and adequate caregiver stimulation, adjusting for parent working status, parent age, parent gender, and number of children in the household. Results: The mean age of the children was 60.4 months (SD = 13.87), and 50.5% were boys. The regression analysis showed that an authoritative parenting style was significantly associated with higher odds of sufficient caregiver stimulation (adjusted OR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.40–4.88; p < 0.005). Conclusions: Authoritative parenting style was positively associated with caregiver stimulation among preschool-aged children in Jakarta. Parents may consider adopting parenting approaches that support optimal early childhood development.
Findings the Hub has extracted
Each claim below is labelled by its type of design and links back to this report.
Problem
Insufficient caregiver stimulation and nurturing care in the home environment during early childhood
- Intervention
- Adoption of authoritative parenting style
- Population
- Preschool-aged children (3-6 years) in Jakarta, Indonesia; 382 parents surveyed (mean child age 60.4 months, 50.5% boys)
Key finding
Authoritative parenting style was significantly associated with higher odds of sufficient caregiver stimulation (adjusted OR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.40–4.88; p < 0.005)