Peer-reviewed article
Vaccination Coverage and Risk Factors Associated With Incomplete Vaccination Among Children in Cambodia, Madagascar, and Senegal
Florian Verrier, Agathe de Lauzanne, Jean-Baptiste Niokhhor Diouf, Zafitsara Zo Andrianirina, Lison Ramblière et al. ·
Summary
Written by AI, not yet AICS's view · claude-haiku-4-5-20251001This study measured vaccination coverage for five common childhood vaccines (BCG, hepatitis B, polio, pentavalent, and measles) among 3,606 children in Cambodia, Madagascar, and Senegal between 2012 and 2018. Vaccination coverage fell below the World Health Organization target of 90% for most vaccines in all three countries. Coverage dropped significantly for vaccines requiring multiple doses, falling 23–47 percentage points after initial doses. Low birth weight was identified as a major risk factor for incomplete vaccination at birth.
Key points
- Vaccine coverage was below 90% WHO target for most vaccines across all three countries
- Coverage was highest for vaccines given at birth and 6 weeks of age
- Substantial drops in coverage (23–47 percentage points) occurred for multi-dose vaccines after initial doses
- Low birth weight (<2500 g) was a significant risk factor for non-vaccination in all countries
- Study followed 3,606 children from birth through the standard immunization schedule
Limitations
The study identifies coverage gaps and risk factors but does not evaluate specific interventions to improve vaccination rates, so it cannot tell us what approaches would be most effective at increasing coverage. The data are from 2012–2018, so current vaccination coverage may differ.
Abstract
Abstract Background Vaccination reduces mortality from infectious disease, which is the leading cause of death in children under 5 and bears a particularly high burden in low- and middle-income countries. The Global Vaccine Action Plan (2011–2020) has set a target of 90% vaccine coverage for all vaccines included in national immunization programs by 2020. The objectives of this study were to estimate vaccine coverage among children in Madagascar, Cambodia, and Senegal and to identify the risk factors associated with incomplete vaccination. Methods Using data from a community-based prospective cohort that included all newborn of some areas from 2012 to 2018 in these 3 countries, vaccine coverage was estimated for BCG, hepatitis B, oral polio, pentavalent (targeting diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae type b), and measles vaccines. Risk factor analysis was performed with logistic regression models to identify correlates of incomplete vaccination. Results A total of 3606 children were followed up, and vaccine coverage was below the 90% threshold for most vaccines in all countries. Coverage was higher for vaccines recommended at birth and at 6 weeks, while a decrease in coverage for subsequent doses was observed for vaccines requiring several doses (23–47 points). Low birth weight (<2500 g) was an important risk factor for nonvaccination for vaccines recommended at birth in all 3 countries (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] ranging from 1.93 [1.11–3.38] to 4.28 [1.85–9.37]). Conclusions Vaccine coverage for common childhood vaccines was lower than World Health Organization recommendations, and multidisciplinary approaches may help to improve vaccine coverage and timeliness.
Findings the Hub has extracted
Each claim below is labelled by its type of design and links back to this report.
- Intervention
- Standard childhood immunization programs delivering BCG, hepatitis B, polio, pentavalent, and measles vaccines
- Population
- Newborns and young children in Cambodia, Madagascar, and Senegal (n=3,606)
Key finding
Vaccine coverage below 90% WHO target for most vaccines in all three countries