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The problem
Intervention: A family-centered adaptation of the Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST) method delivered through participatory action research
Who it was tested with: 30 households with children under five years in Medan Belawan District, Indonesia.
The same group is measured before the intervention and again afterwards, with a baseline and an endline and sometimes a midline. Change is visible, but other causes cannot be ruled out.
"A Participatory Action Research (PAR) design engaged 30 households with children under five years of age." This is a single group measured before and after without a comparison group, so it is PRE_POST, and the lack of health outcomes makes the effect on children's well-being inconclusive.
Small sample, no comparison group, descriptive data only, and no measured health or nutrition outcomes.
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
