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The problem
Intervention: Reduction of PM2.5 exposure during early childhood (birth to school entry)
Who it was tested with: 54,458 children from Western Australia assessed at school entry in 2009, 2012, and 2015 cohorts.
Children or communities are compared with a group that did not receive the intervention, or followed over years. This is the design that best separates what the intervention did from everything else that changed.
"We conducted a population-based cohort study using linked records from the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC), Midwives' Notifications System (MNS), Birth Registrations, and Hospital Morbidity Data Collection (HMDC)" with "Associations estimated using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models." This longitudinal design with a large population-based cohort and statistical adjustment for multiple confounders represents a strong observational study design that provides evidence of association between early childhood PM2.5 exposure and developmental vulnerability.
Prenatal and early childhood exposures were highly correlated, preventing identification of a definitive critical exposure period. Study conducted in a low-exposure setting which may limit generalisability. Cross-sectional exposure measurement at Statistical Area Level 2 may not capture individual-level variability.
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
