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The problem
Intervention: Improved nutrition and dietary practices, hand-washing, access to toilets, and effective teaching
Who it was tested with: 309 children aged 6-14 years in low-income districts of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, attending public and private schools.
Experience from people who deliver programmes: stories, case studies and lessons learned. Valuable for understanding how and why, and for spotting what to test next, but not a measure of effect.
"A case-control study was conducted among 309 children aged 6-14 years attending public and private schools in low-income districts of Addis Ababa from March to August 2023. Binary and multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate crude (COR) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals." The study used comparative analysis between children with different academic outcomes to identify nutritional and environmental factors associated with performance differences.
Case-control design without randomisation cannot establish causality. Cross-sectional measurement prevents determination of temporal relationships. Study limited to urban low-income settings in Addis Ababa and may not generalise to rural areas or other contexts.
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
