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The problem
Intervention: Two interventions: community-run playgroups to improve caregiver-child interaction at home for children up to age 5, and teacher training, materials and coaching to improve reading instruction in grades 1 and 2
Who it was tested with: Children up to age 5 and their caregivers in Tonga communities, and first and second grade students and their teachers.
Children or communities are compared with a group that did not receive the intervention, or followed over years. This is the design that best separates what the intervention did from everything else that changed.
"evaluates and compares two randomized interventions in Tonga" - The randomized design with control groups places this in the experimental tier. Results differ by subgroup and by exposure to the other intervention, so the direction is mixed.
The abstract reports effects for subgroups only, and the playgroup effects appear mainly for children of mothers without high school education. It does not give sample sizes or follow-up beyond second grade.
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
