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The problem
Intervention: Adequate nighttime sleep duration (≥10 hours per night)
Who it was tested with: 52,140 Japanese term singleton births without growth-affecting conditions, assessed at 1.5 years and followed to 3 years.
Children or communities are compared with a group that did not receive the intervention, or followed over years. This is the design that best separates what the intervention did from everything else that changed.
"Nighttime and total sleep durations were calculated based on a self-administered questionnaire completed by caregivers" and "After adjustment for height at 1.5 years, sex, monthly age, mother's height, presence of siblings at 1.5 years, environmental tobacco smoke at 1.5 years, daily TV/DVD screen time at 2 years, attendance at nursery at 2 years, household annual income at birth, and parents' educational status." This prospective cohort design with longitudinal measurement and multivariate adjustment provides experimental-level evidence for associations, though causality cannot be definitively established.
Sleep duration based on caregiver self-report rather than objective measurement; cannot establish causality; unmeasured factors related to sleep quality and family practices not controlled; results specific to Japanese population may limit generalizability
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
