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The problem
Intervention: Five structured Health Belief Model-based education sessions for chosen labour companions, delivered from 26 weeks gestation through labour admission
Who it was tested with: 222 primigravidae (first-time mothers) and their chosen labour companions in 12 public health facilities in Addis Ababa.
Children or communities are compared with a group that did not receive the intervention, or followed over years. This is the design that best separates what the intervention did from everything else that changed.
"This parallel-group cluster-randomized trial was conducted in 12 public health facilities in Addis Ababa from January 15 to June 5, 2025 implementation phase. Facilities were randomized 1:1, assigning six clusters (222 primigravidae dyads) to each arm." The randomized design with comparison groups and validated outcome measures (Generalized Estimating Equations with Wild Cluster Bootstrap validation) provides robust evidence for the intervention's effectiveness.
The study did not find significant effects on delivery mode (caesarean vs. vaginal) or maternal complications. Retrospective trial registration raises questions about adherence to protocol. Follow-up is limited to birth outcomes without longer-term neonatal or child health data.
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
