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The problem
Intervention: Assessment of maltreatment exposure and dental health monitoring; no intervention was delivered—this is an observational study
Who it was tested with: 3,645 preschool children aged 4 years from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study in southern Brazil.
Children or communities are compared with a group that did not receive the intervention, or followed over years. This is the design that best separates what the intervention did from everything else that changed.
"Overall CM from birth to age 4, as well as specific types of maltreatment were assessed using the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire, completed by mothers when the children were 4 years old. DT was assessed at age 4 using the criteria of the UK Child Health Survey (1993). Crude and adjusted analyses were performed using Poisson regression models." The study is a longitudinal cohort design with prospective data collection and adjusted statistical analysis to examine associations, meeting experimental tier criteria, though the finding of no association makes the outcome inconclusive regarding any true protective or harmful relationship.
Study relies on maternal recall of maltreatment which may be underreported; cross-sectional assessment of maltreatment at age 4 may not capture timing and severity of exposure; dental trauma assessment uses criteria from 1993 which may not reflect current standards.
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
