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The problem
Intervention: Analysis of association between maternal neighborhood deprivation (Area Deprivation Index) and developmental outcomes
Who it was tested with: Extremely preterm infants (<29 weeks gestation) born at four US NICUs; 275 infants assessed at age 2.
Children or communities are compared with a group that did not receive the intervention, or followed over years. This is the design that best separates what the intervention did from everything else that changed.
"Retrospective cohort study of infants <29 weeks' gestation at four NICUs spanning multiple US regions. We analyzed the relationship between ADI and NDI...using a Bayesian ordinal cumulative logit hurdle model. Adjustments included sex, birthweight, maternal race/ethnicity, outborn, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, and late-onset sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis." This is an experimental design using a statistical model with comparison groups and multiple adjustments to isolate the association between maternal neighborhood deprivation and developmental impairment.
Observational design limits causal inference; only 22% of cohort had developmental assessments, with selection bias toward lower birthweight and male infants; unmeasured confounding variables related to neighborhood deprivation cannot be excluded.
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
