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The problem
Intervention: Community-based education delivered through direct counseling sessions covering ANC visit schedules, early detection of pregnancy complications, nutrition, and birth preparedness
Who it was tested with: 35 pregnant women at Klinik Pratama Rawat Inap Mars Deli Serdang, Indonesia.
The same group is measured before the intervention and again afterwards, with a baseline and an endline and sometimes a midline. Change is visible, but other causes cannot be ruled out.
"Pre- and post-tests were used to evaluate changes in knowledge and attitudes. The results show a marked increase in the participants' understanding of ANC, with a rise in knowledge from 40% to 88% after the session." This simple before-after design demonstrates the intervention's immediate effect on knowledge but cannot isolate the intervention's causal contribution or measure sustained outcomes.
No comparison or control group; only immediate post-intervention measurement; small sample size at single clinic location; no follow-up to assess persistence of knowledge or behavior change
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
