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The problem
Intervention: 12-week mixed exercise program combining cooperative sports games with ball-sport activities, delivered during school physical education classes at three 90-minute sessions per week
Who it was tested with: Forty sixth-grade left-behind children from a rural boarding primary school in China.
Children or communities are compared with a group that did not receive the intervention, or followed over years. This is the design that best separates what the intervention did from everything else that changed.
"Group-by-time effects were examined using repeated-measures ANOVA." The study used a randomized controlled trial design with pre-post measurements of both intervention and control groups, allowing attribution of changes to the intervention rather than to secular trends.
Small sample size from a single school; relatively short 12-week follow-up period; BMI and sit-ups showed no significant improvements; unclear whether effects persist after the intervention ends
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
