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The problem
Intervention: Early diphtheria antitoxin (DAT) administration within three days of illness onset combined with complete vaccination
Who it was tested with: Children aged 0–15 years diagnosed with diphtheria at Children Hospital, Sukkur, Pakistan (n=45).
The same group is measured before the intervention and again afterwards, with a baseline and an endline and sometimes a midline. Change is visible, but other causes cannot be ruled out.
"Children receiving DAT after five days of illness had higher mortality (75%) and complication rates (77.8%) compared to those treated within three days." This demonstrates that earlier antitoxin administration is associated with improved survival outcomes, supporting the intervention's effectiveness in this population.
Retrospective design without a randomized control group; single-centre study with small sample size; cannot establish causal relationships between timing of treatment and outcomes, only associations; vaccination status was self-reported or based on available records.
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
