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The problem
Intervention: Baseline assessment of alcohol use status; examination of potential mediating factors (loneliness, nervousness, sadness)
Who it was tested with: 1,902 school-aged adolescents (mean age 12.2 years, 51.3% boys) in Ningbo, China.
Children or communities are compared with a group that did not receive the intervention, or followed over years. This is the design that best separates what the intervention did from everything else that changed.
"After adjusting for confounders, baseline alcohol use was significantly associated with increased odds of subsequent cyberbullying victimization...Mediation analyses indicated that loneliness and nervousness partially mediated the relationship between alcohol use and cyberbullying victimization." This longitudinal design with exposure measured at baseline and outcome at follow-up establishes temporal sequence, and the comparison of alcohol users to non-users with adjustment for covariates provides quasi-experimental evidence.
Self-reported measures subject to recall and social desirability bias; single-city sample may limit generalizability; cross-sectional baseline assessment cannot establish temporal precedence for some covariates.
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
