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The problem
Intervention: Observational measurement of physical activity levels and academic performance to examine their relationship
Who it was tested with: 205 upper elementary school students (grades IV-VI) from multiple schools in Indonesia, selected by purposive sampling.
Experience from people who deliver programmes: stories, case studies and lessons learned. Valuable for understanding how and why, and for spotting what to test next, but not a measure of effect.
"This study used a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The research sample amounted to 205 students in grades IV to VI who were selected by purposive sampling technique from several elementary schools. The instrument used to measure physical activity was the PAQ-C (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children) questionnaire while learning outcomes were obtained from students' report cards." The design measures association rather than testing an intervention, making it observational research without manipulation of variables.
Correlational design cannot determine causation; reliance on self-reported physical activity data; cross-sectional snapshot cannot establish temporal relationships; other confounding variables not measured or controlled
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
