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The problem
Intervention: Universal access to quality pre-primary programmes and early childhood care and education
Who it was tested with: Children in 73 countries for test score analysis; children in 134 countries for economic analysis.
Experience from people who deliver programmes: stories, case studies and lessons learned. Valuable for understanding how and why, and for spotting what to test next, but not a measure of effect.
"We find considerable losses, comparable to or greater than current governmental expenditures on all education (as percentages of GDP), particularly in low- and lower-middle-income countries." The paper provides evidence from multiple countries that early childhood education participation is associated with better later outcomes and substantial economic returns, though the correlational design limits causal inference.
The analysis presents associations rather than causal evidence, lacks details on confounding variables controlled for, and relies on assumptions about the earnings impacts of early education that may not generalise across contexts.
Across countries and designs
1 study · 6 countries
