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The problem
Intervention: school closures with transition to online learning, with some regions receiving government income support and schools varying in teacher-student ratios
Who it was tested with: All Australian primary and secondary school students, 2008-2022.
Children or communities are compared with a group that did not receive the intervention, or followed over years. This is the design that best separates what the intervention did from everything else that changed.
"Using longitudinal data on annual school-level performance in standardized assessments across five subjects and four grade levels, we analyse trends over 14 years (2008–2022, excluding 2020) for all Australian schools. Our analysis compares regions with varying levels of disruption to face-to-face teaching." This design compares different levels of exposure to school closures across regions over time, allowing causal inference about disruption effects.
The study measures academic achievement only through standardized test scores and does not capture broader impacts on child development. Regional variation in implementation and other confounding factors during the study period may affect results.
Across countries and designs
2 studies · 5 countries
