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The problem
Intervention: Measurement of associations between screen exposure duration, BMI percentile, and foot arch categories assessed via podoscope
Who it was tested with: 509 preschool children aged 5-6 years attending public preschools in Çanakkale, Turkey.
The same group is measured before the intervention and again afterwards, with a baseline and an endline and sometimes a midline. Change is visible, but other causes cannot be ruled out.
"This analytical cross-sectional study aimed to examine the associations between screen exposure, body mass index (BMI) percentile, and foot arch categories in preschool children." The study measured correlations between exposures and outcomes but cannot establish causation due to its observational design.
Cross-sectional design prevents causal inference; parent-reported screen time may be subject to recall bias; small sample size in the highest exposure category; measured associations only, not intervention outcomes
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
