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The problem
Intervention: Adenotonsillectomy (surgical treatment of OSA)
Who it was tested with: School-aged children (6-12 years) with polysomnography-supported obstructive sleep apnea.
Children or communities are compared with a group that did not receive the intervention, or followed over years. This is the design that best separates what the intervention did from everything else that changed.
"This retrospective multicenter cohort study included children aged 6-12 years with polysomnography-supported OSA without adenotonsillectomy (AT) and propensity score-matched healthy controls. Risks of learning disorders, speech and language disorders, childhood-onset emotional disorders, and anxiety disorders were evaluated over 1, 2, 3, and 5 years." The use of propensity score matching and longitudinal follow-up with multiple time points strengthens causal inference compared to cross-sectional designs.
Retrospective design; study population limited to children who had polysomnography testing; adenotonsillectomy group analysis was secondary and based on children who subsequently underwent treatment rather than random assignment
Across countries and designs
2 studies · 3 countries
