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The problem
Intervention: Examination of caregiver feeding practices (restriction and pressure-to-eat) and their association with children's weight trajectories; analysis to identify periods and characteristics suitable for obesity prevention targeting
Who it was tested with: 2,247 caregiver-child dyads (1,738 children in adjusted analysis) enrolled in WIC, followed from 24 to 60 months of age.
The same group is measured before the intervention and again afterwards, with a baseline and an endline and sometimes a midline. Change is visible, but other causes cannot be ruled out.
"Linear mixed-effects models tested individual, interpersonal, and household predictors... Prior-wave restriction and pressure-to-eat were lagged, time-varying exposures." This design collected repeated measurements of children's growth and caregiver practices over time and examined how prior feeding practices predicted subsequent weight changes, establishing temporal sequence without a comparison group.
Observational study design with complete-case analysis; cannot establish causation; findings are specific to WIC-enrolled US population; lagged exposure analyses cannot confirm temporal relationships; reverse causality possible (caregivers may restrict eating in response to observing high weight)
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
