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The problem
Intervention: Analysis of interaction between MAOA genetic variation and maternal education as a moderating factor
Who it was tested with: 978 Black South African children (478 boys, 540 girls) from the Birth to Twenty Plus cohort, non-clinical, pre-pubertal.
Children or communities are compared with a group that did not receive the intervention, or followed over years. This is the design that best separates what the intervention did from everything else that changed.
"Interactions between the MAOA uVNTR and rearing environment are suggested to influence the developmental manifestations of childhood internalizing and externalizing behavior... We found no significant main effects for the MAOA uVNTR on childhood behavior in either sex. A significant interaction (p = .04) was identified between MAOA and maternal education, suggesting that externalizing behavior in boys carrying a low activity MAOA allele varied in direct proportion to the education levels of their mothers." This design examines environmental moderation of genetic effects through longitudinal observation with statistical modeling rather than experimental manipulation.
Non-clinical pre-pubertal sample may not generalize to clinical populations or older children; overall model fit did not reach significance, limiting confidence in the interaction finding
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
