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The problem
Intervention: COVID-19 pandemic (natural experiment comparing conditions before and during)
Who it was tested with: Korean adolescents: 57,303 in 2019 and 54,948 in 2020.
The same group is measured before the intervention and again afterwards, with a baseline and an endline and sometimes a midline. Change is visible, but other causes cannot be ruled out.
"We conducted a secondary analysis using data from a national cross-sectional cohort (Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, KYRBS) collected in 2019 before the COVID-19 outbreak and in 2020 during the pandemic." This is a before-after comparison of the same survey population without a control group, making it a PRE_POST design, though the findings are mixed with mental health improvements but lifestyle disruptions.
Cross-sectional design without a comparison group; data from only two time points limits understanding of pandemic trajectory; self-reported data; authors explicitly note caution is needed interpreting counterintuitive results suggesting possible confounding factors or measurement issues
Across countries and designs
4 studies · 5 countries
