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The problem
Intervention: Maternal antiretroviral therapy for all pregnant women living with HIV regardless of CD4 count
Who it was tested with: Children aged 1 and 2 years: 143 HIV-exposed uninfected and 255 HIV-unexposed uninfected at 1 year; 82 HIV-exposed uninfected and 204 HIV-unexposed uninfected at 2 years, in Soweto, South Africa.
Children or communities are compared with a group that did not receive the intervention, or followed over years. This is the design that best separates what the intervention did from everything else that changed.
"We compared growth at 1 and 2 years of age between CHEU and children who are HIV-unexposed and uninfected (CHUU) in a prospective cohort study (INTERBIO-21st), conducted in Soweto, South Africa, with recruitment of pregnant women between 21 May 2013 and 21 December 2015. Length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), weight-for-length (WLZ) and head circumference-for-age (HCAZ) Z-scores, based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards, were compared longitudinally using age-specific and mixed linear regression." This is a longitudinal cohort comparison study with no randomisation, making it experimental in tier but the inconclusive outcome reflects the lack of significant differences found.
Limited data on maternal ART adherence and regimen details, and limited infant breastfeeding data, which may have introduced residual confounding. The high stunting rates in both groups suggest other environmental or socioeconomic factors may be more important than maternal HIV status.
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
