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The problem
Intervention: Health plan quality improvement learning collaborative providing participating plans with QI targets, implementation support, data reporting tools, resources, best-practice sharing calls, and one-on-one coaching to increase HPV vaccination rates
Who it was tested with: 13-year-old children enrolled in participating health plans across multiple U.S. states (264,089 in 2022, 127,554 in 2023, 249,927 in 2024).
The same group is measured before the intervention and again afterwards, with a baseline and an endline and sometimes a midline. Change is visible, but other causes cannot be ruled out.
"Plans submitted aggregated vaccination data. We used Wilcoxon Signed Rank test to assess average rates pre- and post-intervention." The study measured vaccination rates before and after intervention implementation without a control group, representing a pre-post observational design that demonstrates association but not causation.
The study lacks a comparison group of non-participating health plans, making it impossible to determine whether improvements were attributable to the collaborative or to secular trends. Declining participation between 2023 and 2024 cohorts and variation in state representation limit generalizability. The study does not measure long-term sustainability of gains or individual-level factors influencing vaccination decisions.
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
