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The problem
Intervention: Primary-school physical education interventions
Who it was tested with: Primary-school children in 70 trial families (74 reports), English-language reports published January 2000 to 31 May 2026.
Children or communities are compared with a group that did not receive the intervention, or followed over years. This is the design that best separates what the intervention did from everything else that changed.
"This systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis included 74 reports from 70 trial families of primary-school PE interventions." This is a synthesis of controlled trials with comparison groups, so the tier is experimental, but the primary estimates are too imprecise to show whether the interventions work.
Few source-informed controlled studies, wide confidence intervals, substantial heterogeneity, source-reporting limitations, and an inconclusive small-study diagnostic. The broader analysis needed extra variance or clustering assumptions and overlaps with the other analyses.
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
