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The problem
Intervention: Supportive family environment and family functioning (as naturally occurring protective factors)
Who it was tested with: 778 early adolescents aged 13.7 years (SD=2.53) from poor families in China.
The same group is measured before the intervention and again afterwards, with a baseline and an endline and sometimes a midline. Change is visible, but other causes cannot be ruled out.
"A supportive family environment is a positive factor in mitigating externalizing problem behaviors of the early adolescents in their transition to adolescence." The study identifies family environment as associated with positive behavioral trajectories over 14 months, though without experimental manipulation it cannot confirm causality.
No control/comparison group; observational data cannot establish causality; no specific intervention was tested; family factors identified post-hoc from natural variation
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country