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The problem
Intervention: Happiness Toolkit: a structured, low-intensity, family-delivered intervention comprising six evidence-based components, each practised for 5 minutes in the morning and evening, introduced during routine outpatient consultation
Who it was tested with: Children aged 0-16 years attending general paediatric outpatient clinics who screened positive for social, emotional, behavioural and/or mental health difficulties (n=94 enrolled).
The same group is measured before the intervention and again afterwards, with a baseline and an endline and sometimes a midline. Change is visible, but other causes cannot be ruled out.
"Single-site prospective cohort study; validated age-specific baseline screening, parent-reported outcomes at 6 weeks and 6 months." This is a before-after design measuring the same children at baseline and follow-up without a comparison group, making it a PRE_POST evidence tier study. Results showed improvements at 6 weeks but with substantial loss to follow-up at 6 months, yielding MIXED evidence confidence.
Low follow-up response rates (48.9% at 6 weeks, 13.8% at 6 months) limit generalisability of outcomes; absence of a comparison group prevents attribution of changes to the intervention; no clinical outcome measures reported, only parent-reported outcomes
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
