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The problem
Intervention: Improved water and sanitation access
Who it was tested with: 2,584 children in Cebu, Philippines, followed from birth to age 2 during 1984-1986.
Children or communities are compared with a group that did not receive the intervention, or followed over years. This is the design that best separates what the intervention did from everything else that changed.
"Data came from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey. Birth surveys and bi-monthly follow-up surveys from 1984-1986 were used for the final analytic sample of 2,584 children. We ran a series of logistic regression models for WATSAN and child stunting at age 2, before and after adjusting for a priori selected covariates." This is a longitudinal observational study with repeated measurements over time and multivariate analysis controlling for confounders, meeting the criteria for EXPERIMENTAL tier evidence.
Historical data from one geographic location in one country; findings may not generalize to other settings or current contexts. Cross-sectional associations cannot prove causation. The study cannot fully explain the mechanisms by which WATSAN reduces stunting.
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
