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The problem
Intervention: Residential exposure to greenness and artificial light at night during pregnancy
Who it was tested with: 814 children aged 4-12 years from a cohort in southern China, stratified by urbanicity.
The same group is measured before the intervention and again afterwards, with a baseline and an endline and sometimes a midline. Change is visible, but other causes cannot be ruled out.
"Multivariable regression models were used to examine associations with cognitive, motor, behavioral, learning, and ASD-related outcomes, stratified by urbanicity, with additional gestational-window analyses and interpretable machine-learning approaches." The study used regression models to assess associations between prenatal environmental exposures and child outcomes measured at age 4-12 years, constituting a retrospective PRE_POST design examining baseline exposures (during pregnancy) against later outcomes, though with no prospective follow-up of the same group.
Retrospective design prevents causal inference. Greenness and light exposure measured via satellite and address-level data rather than direct individual measurement. Cross-sectional analysis at a single time point per child.
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
