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The problem
Intervention: Observational analysis of prenatal and postnatal environmental influences on child growth across different geographic and socioeconomic contexts
Who it was tested with: 401 children and their mothers enrolled from four sites in northwest coastal Ecuador (urban, intermediate town, rural-road, rural-river) between 2021-2022.
The same group is measured before the intervention and again afterwards, with a baseline and an endline and sometimes a midline. Change is visible, but other causes cannot be ruled out.
"we analyzed size at birth, postnatal growth trajectories, and associations with environmental factors across a rural-urban gradient... we used multivariable linear models and generalized estimating equations to analyze associations between exposures and length-for-gestational-age Z-score (LGAZ) and postnatal change in 3-month length-for-age Z-score (3-month ΔLAZ)". The study measured the same cohort at multiple time points (birth, quarterly to 24 months) to track growth patterns and their environmental correlates, making it a longitudinal pre-post observational study.
Observational design cannot establish causation. Cross-site comparisons are descriptive and do not control for all confounding variables. Findings are geographically specific to coastal Ecuador.
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
