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The problem
Intervention: Adolescent Girls Empowerment Program (data source for analysis of transactional sex and pregnancy outcomes)
Who it was tested with: Unmarried and never-pregnant adolescent girls in Zambia (n=1,853).
Children or communities are compared with a group that did not receive the intervention, or followed over years. This is the design that best separates what the intervention did from everything else that changed.
"multivariate Cox proportional hazards models using four rounds of longitudinal data from a sample of unmarried and never pregnant adolescent girls (n=1,853) show that girls who have engaged in transactional sex face a hazard of first premarital pregnancy almost 30 percent greater than their peers" - This demonstrates a longitudinal design with multiple measurement points and statistical adjustment for confounders, fitting the EXPERIMENTAL tier for observational studies.
The study establishes association rather than causation; unmeasured confounding factors may explain the relationship. The mechanism linking transactional sex to pregnancy (through reduced condom negotiation) is inferred from qualitative data but not directly measured in the quantitative analysis.
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
