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The problem
Intervention: Identification of sociodemographic, behavioral, and vaccine confidence factors associated with vaccine refusal to inform targeted interventions
Who it was tested with: Parents in Konya, Turkey; 406 who refused vaccines and 412 whose children completed all routine vaccinations.
Experience from people who deliver programmes: stories, case studies and lessons learned. Valuable for understanding how and why, and for spotting what to test next, but not a measure of effect.
"An unmatched case-control study was conducted between July and October 2025 in family health centers across Konya. Cases were parents who had refused at least one routine childhood vaccine (n = 406); controls were parents whose children had completed all routine vaccinations (n = 412)." This compares groups with different vaccination outcomes but provides no baseline measurement before exposure to factors, making it a case-control observational study without experimental manipulation.
Cross-sectional design prevents causal inference; case-control design is observational and cannot prove that identified factors cause vaccine refusal; results specific to one Turkish region
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
