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The problem
Intervention: Cognitively Enriched Playful Physical Activity (PPA) program: a structured 8-week program integrating executive function challenges (response inhibition, working memory, planning) into movement games, delivered 3 sessions/week, 60 minutes/session
Who it was tested with: Preschool children randomized to PPA group or active control (regular physical education curriculum).
Children or communities are compared with a group that did not receive the intervention, or followed over years. This is the design that best separates what the intervention did from everything else that changed.
"This exploratory randomized controlled trial examined the preliminary effects of an 8-week Playful Physical Activities (PPA) program on EF and school readiness. Preschool children were randomized to (i) PPA... or (ii) an active control receiving the regular physical education curriculum." The study used random assignment with a no-treatment control group and measured outcomes before and after the intervention period.
The researchers emphasize these are preliminary findings from an exploratory trial. The BVMT-R memory outcomes should not be emphasized as primary evidence because the measure was used as a non-normed raw-score index outside its validated age range. Larger prospectively registered trials with balanced groups, age-appropriate outcome measures, and stronger fidelity documentation are needed.
Across countries and designs
1 study · 0 countries
