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The problem
Intervention: Mass diphtheria immunisation of children, supported by laboratory surveillance, early diagnosis, hospitalisation and timely treatment
Who it was tested with: Population of the Kazakh SSR, with a focus on children, across regions, urban and rural areas and age groups.
Experience from people who deliver programmes: stories, case studies and lessons learned. Valuable for understanding how and why, and for spotting what to test next, but not a measure of effect.
"The source base consisted of archival reports and statistical documents from health authorities and the sanitary-epidemiological service." This shows a descriptive before-and-after analysis of routine records without a comparison group, so it is placed in the PRE_POST tier.
Historical archival data with no comparison group, so other factors cannot be ruled out. Data quality and completeness are uncertain, and the abstract gives no quantified vaccine effectiveness.
Across countries and designs
1 study · 1 country
