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3,280 reports · page 75 of 328
This cohort study investigates the depression and anxiety of children in Wuhan and Huangshi, Hubei province, China, during the coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown.
Xinyan Xie, Qi Xue, Yu Zhou et al.
similar with respect to the preference rates for life-sustaining treatments compared with palliative care (46.9% vs 34.4% in the 60% survival group and 50.0%vs 40.6% in the 30% survival group; odds ratio [OR], 0.90; 95% CI, 0.31-2.63).A few patients were not able to formulate a preference (6 patients (18.8%) in the 60% survival group and 3 patients (9.4%) in the 30% survival group; OR, 0.423; 95% CI, 0.08-2.10).An analysis of the patients who formulated a preference showed that an attitude that mere survival is at least as important as quality of life was associated with a preference for life-sustaining treatments (OR, 10.28; 95% CI, 2.94-35.90).Increasing maternal age (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.98)and childlessness (OR, 0.12; 95% CI 0.01-0.98)were associated with a preference for palliative care.Most patients would decide together with their partners (63 of 64 [98.4%]) and preferred to be empowered by their physicians in the decision-making process (48 of 64 [75%]).Discussion | In this study, it appeared that treatment preferences originated from individual characteristics and values rather than from reasoning about numerical outcome estimates.However, generalizability is limited and the results should be interpreted in light of the methods used.Patients made a one-time decision without personal feedback and patients actually affected might indicate different preferences.More studies are needed to help to improve our understanding of the information that parents facing extremely preterm birth want and need.
Lingkong Zeng, Shiwen Xia, Wenhao Yuan et al.
IMPORTANCE: The current rapid worldwide spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection justifies the global effort to identify effective preventive strategies and optimal medical management. While data are available for adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), limited reports have analyzed pediatric patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate currently reported pediatric cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. EVIDENCE REVIEW: An extensive search strategy was designed to retrieve all articles published from December 1, 2019, to March 3, 2020, by combining the terms coronavirus and coronavirus infection in several electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL), and following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Retrospective cross-sectional and case-control studies, case series and case reports, bulletins, and national reports about the pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. The risk of bias for eligible observational studies was assessed according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guideline. FINDINGS: A total of 815 articles were identified. Eighteen studies with 1065 participants (444 patients were younger than 10 years, and 553 were aged 10 to 19 years) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in the final analysis. All articles reflected research performed in China, except for 1 clinical case in Singapore. Children at any age were mostly reported to have mild respiratory symptoms, namely fever, dry cough, and fatigue, or were asymptomatic. Bronchial thickening and ground-glass opacities were the main radiologic features, and these findings were also reported in asymptomatic patients. Among the included articles, there was only 1 case of severe COVID-19 infection, which occurred in a 13-month-old infant. No deaths were reported in children aged 0 to 9 years. Available data about therapies were limited. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review that assesses and summarizes clinical features and management of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The rapid spread of COVID-19 across the globe and the lack of European and US data on pediatric patients require further epidemiologic and clinical studies to identify possible preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Riccardo Castagnoli, Martina Votto, Amelia Licari et al.
Abstract Child physical abuse is one of the most common forms of childhood maltreatment with long-lasting outcomes into adulthood. It often presents with other forms of maltreatment creating difficulty to distinguish unique outcomes of specific maltreatment types. Severe child physical abuse is also most often perpetrated by someone known within the household, yet the role of intrafamilial perpetrator identity and implicated outcomes are not well-studied. The study assesses severe child physical abuse and its outcomes in adulthood independently from other maltreatment types. Additionally, the study delineates intrafamilial perpetrator identity and associated outcomes in adulthood. The source sample comprised 863 participants from the MIDUS Refresher Biomarker Study, with analytic sample sizes varying according to data availability. Exposure to severe physical-abuse acts was operationalized using dichotomous overall and perpetrator-specific indicators. General linear models examined associations with anger expression, depressive symptoms, perceived stress, CRP, and cortisol while adjusting for demographic covariates. CRP and cortisol were log-transformed, and false discovery rate correction was applied for multiple testing. Overall exposure to intrafamilial severe physical-abuse acts was associated with greater anger expression-out after correction for multiple testing. In perpetrator-specific models simultaneously accounting for father-, mother-, brother-, and sister-perpetrated exposure, father-perpetrated exposure was independently associated with greater anger expression-out and remained significant after additional adjustment for other forms of childhood maltreatment. No other psychological or biological outcome showed a robust association after false discovery rate correction. Findings indicate an association between intrafamilial physical-abuse exposure and adult anger expression-out and suggest that perpetrator identity may be relevant to this association. The more limited perpetrator-specific findings after correction for multiple testing underscore the importance of cautious and adequately powered investigation of perpetrator identity.
Tova Lewin, Anat Talmon
Abstract Child sex trafficking in India is shaped by caste, poverty, gender inequality, and entrenched sociocultural practices, yet evidence remains fragmented across disciplines. To map existing literature on the experiences, vulnerabilities, and service needs of child victims of sex trafficking in India. A PRISMA-ScR–guided scoping review was conducted using PubMed and Scopus. Studies were included on sex trafficking or commercial sexual exploitation in India and reported on their experiences, vulnerabilities or service needs. Studies focusing exclusively on adults or conducted outside India were excluded. Of 363 records screened, 32 full texts were assessed, and 16 studies were included. Data were charted using a standardised form and synthesised thematically. Trafficking pathways included caste-based intergenerational systems, religious dedication, deceptive recruitment, and brothel-based exploitation. Children experienced early entry, repeated violence, psychological trauma, restricted autonomy, and heightened HIV risk. Key vulnerabilities were poverty, caste and gender marginalisation, early age, and weak protection systems. Identified service needs included trauma-informed care, child-friendly healthcare, educational and livelihood support, survivor-centred legal responses, and community-based prevention. Child sex trafficking in India is structurally embedded, requiring strengthened child-centred and context-responsive interventions.
Gaurav Kumar Roy, Sarbasree Bhattacharjee
Abstract Background Dialog is the most common way to communicate. Research in the field of Lexical Entrainment (LE) shows that speakers in dialogs tend to adapt each other’s terms, which leads to empathy, cooperation, and task success. Objective This study investigates the application of LE within the novel context of forensic investigations of sexually abused children. It explores whether LE is associated with both the richness of the child’s testimony and perceived credibility. Participants and Setting In two studies, we analyzed transcripts from 218 forensic investigations involving children aged 4 to 14. Methods Utilizing the NICHD protocol, transcripts were coded to calculate both the number of forensic details and the questions type. LE levels between child and investigator were calculated based on lemmas' frequency. Results 1) We found that higher LE levels are related to more forensic details, and this was replicated across two datasets, 2) Whereas no association was originally found between perceived credibility assessment and LE, we found a marginal positive correlation when considering the child's and the investigator's gender. Conclusion These findings expand our understanding of LE in dialogs in the "real world" and can be incorporated into investigator training and protocols. In addition, these findings raise new questions about the influence of gender alignment between the investigator and the child, which should be taken into account in further research.
Yaara Lev, Inbal Ravreby, Carmit Katz et al.
Abstract Child maltreatment has profound effects on children’s development, including their communication and language abilities. Consequently, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) frequently work with children who have experienced maltreatment. Yet, there is limited research on trauma-informed care (TIC) within the field of speech-language pathology (SLP). This descriptive exploratory study aims to identify trauma displays of children and trauma-informed reactions of SLPs during sessions with children who experienced severe maltreatment. Using a content analysis approach and a trauma-informed lens, we analyzed clinical documents of 19 children aged 3.5 to 12 years. These children were removed from their homes to an emergency center because of an immediate physical or mental risk. They received SLP sessions at a unique multidisciplinary clinic dedicated to serving children who have experienced maltreatment. Our findings highlighted several trauma displays by the children during the SLP sessions, including revealing traumatic content through sharing daily-life experiences, discontinuities in attention, memory and time sequencing, unusual and incongruent responses, children’s need to gain control, and the display of somatic complaints. In response, the speech-language pathologist utilized a range of trauma-informed reactions and approaches, such as focusing on building relationships, creating a predictable and organized environment, assisting with regulation, shifting between the child and speech-language pathologist leading the session, and modeling. The current study underscores the importance of integrating trauma-informed principles into SLP practices and calls for further research, training, and policy development to enhance TIC implementation in diverse settings.
Michal Aviad, Osher Barnea, Stav Dekel Amir et al.
Positive youth development (PYD), which arose as a counterbalance to the treatment models in youth work, stresses the role of family, community and other change agents, such as NGOs and educational institutions, in creating services, opportunities and support systems for young people to excel. The article tries to locate the context of PYD approach. Single case study method is employed to document the historical emergence of the Anubhav Shiksha Kendra (ASK) and its adoption of PYD approach. Though the study cannot be generalised, it provides a framework for future empirical studies on PYD in India.
Ronald Yesudhas, P.V. Laavanya
Aim The objective of the present study was to explore the menstrual health experiences of adolescents residing in institutional care. Method An in-depth interview with 25 adolescents residing in institutional care was conducted from February to March 2022. The data collected through semi-structured interviews were transcribed and then translated for the report writing purpose. Results After inductive thematic analysis, four themes were identified, namely, menstrual experiences, access to menstrual products, social support and coping behaviours. Conclusion Based on the result findings, it can be concluded that it is high time for the policy makers, non-government organisations and government to join hands to address the needs of institutionalised adolescent menstruators. Only then, holistic women empowerment goal can be achieved. Limitation The present study was limited to qualitative analysis of 25 in-depth interviews from adolescents residing in one of the institutional cares of Gujarat state. Recommendations Future multicentric research studies could be conducted with large sample size by incorporating mixed method research design in order to gain deeper insights into the problem stated. Implications In the light of the experience of adolescent menstruators residing in institutional care, they can be educated about menstrual management. Counselling is necessary and the need of hour for adolescent menstruators to deal with how to handle emotions before and during menstrual phase.
Kavita Gupta, Samir J. Patel
Our article focuses on the national efforts advancing children’s right to alternative care services in Nepal. It presents the government’s existing laws and policies in providing responsible care to children in need of special protection and for children who cannot be placed in parental care due to various reasons for family separation. This article also looks into the history of alternative care in Nepal and discusses the alternative forms of care practised in the communities and their evolution, upholding the best interest of the child. We share the promising practices of kinship care and foster care (informal and formal) for children at risk of separation and child institutionalisation and for children removed from orphanages and children’s homes for family reintegration, implemented by The Himalayan Innovative Society in Nepal in partnership with Forget Me Not and Hope and Homes for Children. We, finally, conclude by sharing the key challenges and opportunities in the implementation of alternative care services for children in Nepal driving the care reform in the country.
Dhan Bahadur Lama, Anju Pun, Rija Maharjan
