This study examines the basic infrastructures affecting child labour in North-Eastern Nigeria. The study employed multistage sampling techniques to obtain data from selected local government areas in three states of North Eastern Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were administered to 810 children and their household heads in three wards of each local government area selected. The data obtained were analysed using the Tobit Model. The results show that access to electricity has no significant effect on children engaging in work. This implies that access to electricity has no significant contribution or effect on determining the probability of children engaging in child labour. In addition, access to clean pipe borne water has no significant effect on children engaging in work. But the distance of school from households in kilometers has a significant positive effect on children engaged in work. However, the distance between hospitals and households in kilometers has no significant effect on children engaging in work, and the increase in the distance between hospitals from households in kilometers has the potential to reduce the probability of children engaging in work. Therefore, the study recommends necessary actions such as adequate provision for basic infrastructure.
Nigeria made only limited progress in its attempts to eradicate the worst forms of child labour in 2021.Official approval has been given to the National Policy on Child Labour and the National Action Plan to End Child Labour.The Ministry of Labour and Employment has also launched a new initiative to assist low-income families in areas with high rates of child labour by providing them with start-up capital.But some of the worst types of child labour, like artisanal mining, granite quarrying, commercial sexual exploitation, and use as combatants, are found in Nigeria.The objective of this paper is to theoretically examine the economic and legal policies and practices of child labour in Nigeria in the context of a severe economic downturn in which children are forced to work at a young age in order to survive.Based on theoretical conceptions of childhood that consider the needs and realities of the children and families whose lives they want to improve, these initiatives are supported by economic measures and legislation.The methodology used was that of secondary data gathered from studies on child labour in Nigeria and other developing countries.The discussion was also influenced by international documents, especially human rights agreements like the CRC.According to the results of an independent study conducted to address the problem of child labour and used to support this research, a greater proportion of respondents agreed that the country should create more jobs in order to lessen the prevalence of child labour.As a result of the decrease in national poverty, children will no longer be required to support the family's income.The second-largest group of respondents supported free education for everybody, while the fewest said that the government should stimulate the economy.The study's conclusion offers a realistic plan as a viable alternative to recognizing and defending human rights, especially those of children; it also indicates that the aim must be freely reached in the capability measure approach by utilizing the best available tools for preserving human security, welfare, and economic survival.
This study examines the socio-economic determinants of child labour in Akure and its surrounding areas in Ondo State, Nigeria. Primary data were obtained through structured questionnaires administered to 190 working children aged 6 to 16 years. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis using SPSS version 22 were employed to examine the influence of household income, parental education, family size, migration, and school attendance. The results indicate that household income and parental education have significant negative effects on child labour, while family size, migration, and poor school attendance exert significant positive effects. The regression model explains approximately 89 percent of the variation in child labour.
Determinants of child Labour use among rural household crop farmers in Anambra State of Nigeria were studied. A multistage random sampling technique was used to select one hundred (100) respondents for the detailed study. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from the respondents for the study. Percentage response was used to capture objective i and iii. Objective ii was capture using Probit model analysis. The result showed that majority of the respondents were married, youthful, had moderate household size, educated and highly experienced in farming. The determinant factors to the use of child labour among rural household were relationship between the child and household heads, access to credit and educational level. The major operations accomplished by the children in the study area were bird scaring, fertilizer application and planting. The child right act should be enforced by appropriate government agencies and the offenders brought to book, free education to all children and social mobilization on change of attitude to use of child labour were recommended. Keywords; Determinants, Child Labour, Crop Production, Anambra State, Nigeria
Understanding the interaction between child labour and schooling in rural and urban areas in Ghana is essential to implement the most appropriate intervention. I aimed to establish parental perceptions of the extent child labour interferes with schooling in rural and urban areas in Ghana. The participants recruited were from Ghana purposively sampled across rural areas (Ankaase, Anwiankwanta and Kensere), and urban areas (Jamestown, Korle Gonno and Chorkor) amongst sixty government officials, NGO representatives, and both parents whose children were and were not involved in child labour. The research utilises semi-structured interviews conducted with parents (ten), stakeholders (ten), focus groups (thirty); and participant observation techniques (ten) utilised to gather the needed data. Interviews were recorded, transcribed utilising a framework approach as the data analysis method. This article finds that the child labour in the rural areas is not always inconsistent with school attendance while, in the urban area, the two activities are incompatible.
ABSTRACT Child labour is a complex social problem worldwide, affecting the physical, moral and educational development of children. A cross sectional quantitative survey research design was used to assess child labour in quarrying activities of the Ga West Municipality, Ghana. The municipality was selected due to evidence in literature of children engaging in quarrying activities. The study examined child labour occurrence and intensity, the working condition of child labourers in the stone quarries; factors influencing child labour in quarrying activities; and the impact of quarrying activities on children. Data which were analysed using probit model and descriptive statistics indicated a negative effect of stone quarry activity on the development, growth and education of the child. Significant influencers were poverty, attitude and poor perception of parents, broken homes, traditional belief systems and migration. The study recommends offering educational support, grants and essential resources to vulnerable households in order to ensure that children remain in school.
There is nearly universal consensus that child labour is harmful to the development of the child, however, widespread contention exists on whether child labour is cultural or economic necessity. This paper aimed to ascertain parental perceptions of the nature of child labour in rural and urban Ghana. The sample size of this study was 60 participants, all of whom were parents. Participants included: government officials; NGO representatives; and both parents whose children were involved in child labour, and parents whose children were not. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents (10) and stakeholders (10). and Focus groups (30); and participant observations (10) were also utilised. A purposive sampling technique was employed across rural and urban areas in Ghana. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. A framework approach was utilised as the main qualitative data analysis method. Parents in the rural areas indicated that the nature of child labour is cultural because children are not working because of economic necessity but for cultural reasons. On the other hand, children engage in child labour in the urban area for economic necessity since child labour is a very important component of the local economy. Understanding the socio-cultural and economic factors that drive child labour is necessary to design and execute the most suitable mechanisms for intervention and prevention.
The incidence of child labour persists in Lagos state, Nigeria despite the Child’s Rights Act 2003 that has been domesticated by the state. As a result, the study analyzed the socio-economic determinants of child labour in Lagos state, Nigeria. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were employed in the study. Specifically, Tobit regression was utilized to analyze the quantitative primary data collected through structured questionnaire from the study area. The findings revealed that increase in household income raises the probability of a child working with 1% level of significance. The findings further indicated that the educational level of the household head has no significant effect on child labour. The findings also indicate that the employment status of the household head does not significantly influence the likelihood of children engaging in work. Moreover, the findings revealed that the likelihood of the household head having dependents have a negative and insignificant impact the probability of a child engaging in work. Furthermore, the findings highlight that a child's gender does not significantly influence the likelihood of engaging in work. The study concluded that child labour in Lagos state is significantly influenced by household income, parent's employment status, the parent’s educational level and the level of dependency. The study recommended that affordable and accessible education in marginalized areas in order to boost school enrolment and retention rates, as well as reducing the amount of time children spend in labour.
This study examines the impact of household income on child labour in the Bauchi Local Government Area of Bauchi State. The study employs the use of a survey research design through questionnaires. Data were obtained from 50 respondents who reside in the Bauchi Local Government Area of Bauchi State. The study makes use of percentage analysis and chi-square for data analysis and tables for data presentation. The result shows that low household income and lack of economic opportunities are the major determinants of child labour in the area, with an inverse relationship between household income and child labour. The research finds that a large majority of respondents (80%) do not receive grants or support from the government. Therefore, the study recommends policies that will provide more employment opportunities and household income schemes.
The incidence of child labour is fast increasing in Nigeria with many children becoming victims of illiteracy, violence, rape, kidnap, teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections which they may not have the capacity to cope with because of their age. This study explores child labour activities in a metropolis in Nigeria. The aim of this study is to unravel the factors responsible for the increase in incidences of child labour in the study population. The study was conducted among children who engage in child labour in Ilorin metropolis, North-Central Nigeria. This study employed qualitative research approach using unstructured in-depth interviews that were conducted in Yoruba, pidgin and English languages. Twenty (20) participants, who were purposively selected, were included in the study. The study focused on two groups of participants namely: children that engage in hawking and children who engage in house help activities in households in the metropolis. Findings from the study revealed that, poverty as a result of low income in many families is a strong determinant of child labour among the participants. Other factors such as the need for children to exchange child labour activities for education and personal development, the need to live a better life, the need to earn a living and the need to fend for themselves were also revealed in the study as determinants to child labour in the metropolis. The study recommends that government should impose stiffer punishments for offenders of child labour offences to serve as deterrents for parents and wards who engage their children in labour activities Keywords : Financial support, Family needs, Poor, Hunger, Mal-treatment.
Joseph A. Oluyemi, Mohammed Y. Abubakar, Raji Abudulateef et al.
