Digital competence and its different dimensions – among them responsible online communication – are competencies that children need to develop for their present and future lives. This article analyzes how teachers promote responsible online communication in Swedish leisure-time centers (LTCs). Based on 20 in-depth interviews, the results show how teachers promote responsible communication mainly in spontaneous situations using mediation strategies such as active mediation, co-use, and participatory learning. The study also identifies educational simulation as mediation strategy. The participants focused primarily on teaching children how not to hurt other people online, as well as issues concerning online safety and privacy. One conclusion is that children’s self-selected media use in the LTC provided extended opportunities for promoting responsible online communication.
The article focuses on analyzing Ukrainian and international open educational resources that contribute to the professional development of educators in organizing activities for teaching students safe internet practices. It highlights the critical role of teachers in equipping students with skills for safe behavior in the digital space, managing personal data online, evaluating digital content, and adhering to communication rules on social media. The importance of open educational resources (OERs) is emphasized, defining them as educational, teaching, and research materials available in the public domain and free to use in the educational process. OERs encompass various tools, materials, or technologies with educational potential: textbooks, manuals, videos, audio recordings, graphic resources, lesson plans, test assignments, documents, handouts, software, and more. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are highlighted as a modern, accessible, and flexible means of professional development for educators, offering up-to-date professional information. The article categorizes the analyzed Ukrainian and international open educational resources for safe online behavior into three groups: those developed by government agencies, those created by non-governmental organizations, and MOOCs. It is underlined that these resources integrate educational, communication, and informational components, making them highly beneficial for educators in teaching children and parents about internet safety.
AIMS: We aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety profile of tobramycin inhalation solution (TIS) using the I-neb device to the standard PARI-LC Plus nebulizer in children with cystic fibrosis. METHODS: A randomized, open-label, crossover study was performed. In 2 separate study visits, blood samples from 22 children were collected following TIS nebulization with I-neb (75 mg) and PARI-LC Plus (300 mg). Study visits were separated by 1 month, in which 1 of the study nebulizers was used twice daily. Tobramycin PK for both nebulizers was established using measured tobramycin concentrations and Bayesian PK modelling software. Hearing and renal function tests were performed to test for aminoglycoside associated toxicity. In addition to standard estimated glomerular filtration rate values, biomarkers for tubular injury (KIM-1 and NAG) were measured. Patient and nebulizer satisfaction were assessed. RESULTS: Inhalations were well tolerated and serum trough concentrations below the predefined toxic limit were reached with no significant differences in PK parameters between nebulizers. Results of audiometry and estimated glomerular filtration rate revealed no abnormalities. However, increased urinary NAG/creatinine ratios at visit 2 for both nebulizers suggest TIS-induced subclinical tubular kidney injury. Nebulization time was 50% shorter and patient satisfaction was significantly higher with the I-neb. CONCLUSIONS: Nebulization of 75 mg TIS with the I-neb in children with cystic fibrosis resulted in comparable systemic exposure to 300 mg TIS with the PARI-LC Plus and was well tolerated and preferred over the PARI-LC Plus. Long-term safety of TIS nebulization should be monitored clinically, especially regarding the effects on tubular kidney injury.
A.J. van Velzen, J.W.F. Uges, Harry G.M. Heijerman et al.
ABSTRACT Although long COVID in children exists, it is still unclear to what extent children are affected. The Ciao Corona study is a longitudinal cohort investigating SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and clustering of cases among around 2500 children and adolescents (hereafter referred to as children) from 55 randomly selected primary and secondary schools in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. Between June 2020 and April 2021, we completed three testing phases where we collected venous blood for serological analysis and asked about symptoms with online questionnaires. We compared children who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in October/November 2020 with those who tested negative. Children who were seronegative in October/November 2020 and seroconverted or were not retested in March/April 2021 were excluded from the analysis (n=256). In March-May 2021 we assessed the presence of symptoms occurring since October 2020, lasting for at least 4 weeks, and persisting for either >4 weeks or >12 weeks. Overall, 1355 of 2503 children with a serology result in October/November 2020 and follow up questionnaire in March-May 2021 were included. Among seropositive and seronegative 6-to 16-year-old children, 9% versus 10% reported at least one symptom beyond 4 weeks, and 4% versus 2% at least one symptom beyond 12 weeks. None of the seropositive children reported hospitalization after October 2020. This study suggests a low prevalence of symptoms compatible with long COVID in a randomly selected population-based cohort of children followed over 6 months after serological testing.
The article presents the risks associated with the use of full-face snorkeling masks. Inchildren. Based on scientific research findings, the risk of hypercapnia and hypoxemiaIt is discussed, this may result from rebreathing air with a high concentrationof CO₂. Particular attention is given to the increased risk in children due to theirsmaller tidal volume and a higher ratio of dead space to lung volume. The lack ofsafety standards for this type of equipment and difficulties in its use during emergenciesare also highlighted.
The general international standards are being discussed in this article, as well as more relevant ones concerned with the problem of sexual exploitation and child abuse. Further, the article discusses a growing understanding of children’s exposure to violence, strengthened commitments to secure their safety and protection, and significant international implementation efforts to mobilize support for prevention and response and to help change attitudes and behavior which condone violence against children. With the fast development of the internet and online social networks, the article ends with a conclusion in identifying criminal law benchmarks based on the previously identified general international standards.
Half of the world's population live in the urban environment. Lifestyle changes in the 20th century have led to spending more time indoors and less in nature. Due to safety concerns, longer hours in formal education, as well as lack of suitable outdoor environments, children in particular have been found to spend very little time outdoors. We have an opportunity, both timely and unique to have our children (re)connect with nature. Nature connection is a subjective state and trait that encompasses affective, cognitive, and experiential aspects in addition to being positively associated with wellbeing, and strong predictor of pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors. This mini-review brings together recent studies that report on interventions to increase nature connection in children. Fourteen studies were identified through electronic searches of Web of Science, Scopus, PsychInfo, ERIC, and Google Scholar. The review aims to offer an overview of the interventions identified, provide a snapshot of the current state of the literature, briefly present themes and trends in the studies identified in relation to nature connection in young people, and propose potential guidelines for future work.
Objective An umbrella review summarising all safety data from systematic reviews of topical corticosteroids (TCS) in adults and children with atopic eczema. Methods Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology map of eczema systematic reviews were searched until 7 November 2018 and Epistemonikos until 2 March 2021. Reviews were included if they assessed the safety of TCS in atopic eczema and searched > 1 database using a reproducible search strategy. Review quality was assessed using version 2 of 'A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews' (AMSTAR 2 tool). Results 38 systematic reviews included, 34 low/critically low quality. Treatment and follow-up were usually short (2–4 weeks). Key findings TCS versus emollient/vehicle: No meta-analyses identified for skin-thinning. Two 2-week randomised controlled trials (RCTs) found no significant increased risk with very potent TCS (0/196 TCS vs 0/33 vehicle in children and 6/109 TCS vs 2/50 vehicle, age unknown). Biochemical adrenal suppression (cortisol) was 3.8% (95% CI 2.4% to 5.8%) in a meta-analysis of 11 uncontrolled observational studies (any potency TCS, 522 children). Effects reversed when treatment ceased. TCS versus topical calcineurin inhibitors: Meta-analysis showed higher relative risk of skin thinning with TCS (4.86, 95% CI 1.06 to 22.28, n=4128, four RCTs, including one 5-year RCT). Eight cases in 2068 participants, 7 using potent TCS. No evidence of growth suppression. Once daily versus more frequent TCS: No meta-analyses identified. No skin-thinning in one RCT (3 weeks potent TCS, n=94) or biochemical adrenal suppression in two RCTs (up to 2 weeks very potent/moderate TCS, n=129). TCS twice/week to prevent flares (‘weekend therapy’) versus vehicle: No meta-analyses identified. No evidence of skin thinning in five RCTs. One RCT found biochemical adrenal suppression (2/44 children, potent TCS). Conclusions W e found no evidence of harm when TCS were used intermittently ‘as required’ to treat flares or ‘weekend therapy’ to prevent flares. However, long-term safety data were limited. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018079409.
Emma Axon, Joanne R Chalmers, Miriam Santer et al.
The war in Ukraine triggered one of the fastest- growing displacement and humanitarian crises on record, pushing millions into internal displacement and abroad to neighboring EU countries in search of safety. According to the study conducted, the most affected areas in the Republic of Moldova, with an impressive number of Ukrainian refugees, where humanitarian intervention is required, are those on the border with Ukraine. The most affected are children and women. The safety and well- being of children are a major concern in the context of armed conflict, as they are often among the most vulnerable to the psychological and social impact of war. Separation from family and friends becomes a painful reality for many children who leave their homeland while their fathers or brothers stay behind to defend it. This dislocation generates intense feelings of loss and uprooting, amplifying emotional stress. In addition, the uncertainty about the future and the constant fear of violence contribute to the development of deep trauma, which can have a long- term impact on children’s mental health and their ability to adapt. From a psychological perspective, these children and youth are at increased risk of developing anxiety disorders, depression, or post- traumatic stress, being affected by the instability of the environment and the feeling of insecurity. Separation from loved ones and loss of Essentials social connections diminish the sense of safety and belonging, critical factors for harmonious development. Socially, breaking away from the community of origin and integrating into a New environment can generate additional difficulties. Refugee children may encounter language, cultural, or educational barriers, which affect their adaptation and social development. In this context, it becomes essential to implement psychosocial support measures, which include counseling, inclusive educational programs, and initiatives to rebuild the sense of belonging and stability. The article explores the multidimensional impact of war on children, high lighting the need for integrated and personalized approaches to support their resilience and facilitate their social and emotional integration. It also highlights key research dimensions for successfully integrating refugee children and young people into the national socio- cultural environment. The results of the indicators associated with psychological and educational aspects are analyzed. Based on the needs assessment, activities were organized for refugee children and Young people that would contribute to improving their well- being and psychological balance. These activities included: psycho- therapeutic sessions with the psychologist; recreational activities with the teacher; and recreational activities organized in collaboration with parents, the psychologist, and the teacher; opportunities to participate in creative centers (theatre, choir, dance, etc.); cultural socialization activities; excursions; participation in Romanian language courses; information on online safety, cyberbullying, gender stereotypes, and gender violence, as well as the ways to cope with them.
Introduction: The consumption of high nutritional quality foods is a key for proper growth and development during childhood. This work aimed to review and analyse the current recommended egg intake in children by different national organisations. Likewise, it intended to standardise a procedure to propose new recommendations for this food. A search of available national online guidelines or recommendations was performed. The Healthy Eating Guide of the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC), 2018 and the energy requirements of the European Food Safety Authority (2017) for children and adolescents were contemplated, considering a contribution of 15 % of energy as proteins to propose the new recommended egg intake. Two scenarios according to the level of physical activity and three age groups were considered. Based on the current data and evidence, we believe that egg intake recommendations should be reassessed, proposing broader recommendations, especially for children over 13 years old with average energy requirements as well as children over seven years old who perform high physical activity or are in a brief period of growth. It will contribute to breaking down old myths associated with egg consumption and promote the development of coordinated and updated recommendations.
Viviana Loria‐Kohen, Liliana Guadalupe González‐Rodríguez, Laura M. Bermejo et al.
